Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo emhlabeni okuyikhaya lengxenye enkulu yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zizonke. Iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo ezinesici esifanayo laziwa njenge-biome. I-biome ye- ihlathi lemvula Yaziwa ngamagama amaningi ahlukene: ihlathi lemvula, amahlathi aminyene, ihlathi, phakathi kwamanye. Kugqame ukuba nenani elibanzi lezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane kanye nokubonakala ngokuba nezihlahla ezinkulu. Ingesinye sezinto eziphilayo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngehlathi lemvula elishisayo nokubaluleka kwalo.
Indawo yamahlathi emvula
Okokuqala kunakho konke ukwazi izindawo zeplanethi lapho kutholakala khona lezi zinhlobo zama-biomes. Indawo yezwe lamahlathi emvula ihlanganisa cishe u-6% wobuso bomhlaba futhi itholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni eshisayo yaseCapricorn naseTropic yeCancer. Izifunda zezwekazi lase-Asia zimelwe yihlathi elishisayo namanye amazwekazi aseMelika nawase-Afrika. Kunamahlathi athile eziqhingini zase-Oceania angamahlathi aminyene ngokukhethekile.
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi ubukhulu bamahlathi bubalulekile ukuze sikwazi ukusingatha inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo. Uma sibheka ukuthi yiliphi ihlathi elibaluleke kakhulu elinothe emhlabeni wethu, akudingeki siye eNingizimu Melika. Lapha sinehlathi lase-Amazon. Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon laziwa nangokuthi i-Amazonia. Ihlathi lesibili elibaluleke kakhulu ihlathi laseCongo namanye angajulile kangako ezifundeni zaseMadagascar, eMexico, eGuatemala, e-Argentina noma eNew Guinea.
Izinhlobo zamahlathi emvula
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ngokwezici zawo nendawo akuyo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezivela kumbono oyisisekelo njengamahlathi asezingeni eliphansi nelishisayo. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izigaba ezijwayelekile:
Ihlathi lemvula
Itholakala ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi ezifudumele kakhulu ezinezifunda lapho isimo sezulu esisenkabazwe sigqame khona. Singahle sibe ngaphansi noma ngaphansi ngama-degree angu-10 enyakatho naseningizimu uma sithatha i-equator njengesethenjwa. Amazinga okushisa amahlathi emvula ahamba unyaka wonke yize kucatshangwa kanjalo. Isilinganiso siphakathi kuka-21 no-30 degrees, ngakho-ke amazinga okushisa aphezulu impela. Kugqama ngokuba nenani elikhulu lemvula kokubili ngobuningi nangokuqina.
Amahlathi emvula amaningi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMelika Ephakathi, eNingizimu Melika, Ephakathi neseNtshonalanga Afrika, e-Australia, eNtshonalanga India naseziqhingini zaseNew Guinea. Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon linothe ngendlela engavamile ezimileni nasezilwaneni. Kubhekwa njengephaphu leplanethi, yize kungenjalo ngokuphelele ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezihlahla elenza i-photosynthesis futhi lisize njengoba i-carbon dioxide icwila ukuhlanza ingxenye yamagesi abamba ukushisa akhipha abantu emkhathini. La magesi ayimbangela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, yingakho ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon kuyisiqeshana esiyisihluthulelo sokunqanda ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba.
Ihlathi lemvula elipholile
Ajwayelekile kangako kunalawo asezindaweni ezishisayo futhi atholakala ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa apholile futhi athambile. Zitholwa ikakhulukazi ngesimo sezulu esiswakeme nolwandle kepha zingatholakala nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esiswakeme noma esishisayo.
Uma sizibeka ebalazweni, singathola izindawo ezisogwini nezintaba lapho kutholakala leli hlathi elipholile. Lapho amazinga okushisa, siyabona ukuthi aseduze 10 no-21 degrees Celsius, ngakho-ke banamazinga okushisa aphansi kunamahlathi emvula. Imvula nayo iphansi kakhulu ngoba awukho umswakama omkhulu ofana neminye imvelo. Singabathola ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Australia, eJapane, e-United Kingdom, eNorway, eNew Zealand, ogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. (Izibonelo; kungaba yihlathi laseValdivian noma ihlathi lemvula elipholile lama-Appalachians)
Isakhiwo sehlathi elinemvula
Ake sibheke ukuthi lakhiwe kanjani ihlathi elishisayo kanye nokunye. Ukunotha kwemifino nokuphilayo kwenza amahlathi akhiwe ngesakhiwo esinezingqimba ezine kokuvundlile. Sizokwazi isendlalelo ngasinye:
- Isendlalelo se-pop-up: Yakhiwe ikakhulu izihlahla futhi ingadlula amamitha angama-40 ukuphakama. Ziyizihlahla ezikwazi ukumelana nokukhanya okukhulu kwelanga futhi ungqimba oluphakeme kakhulu. Izihlahla ezitholakala lapha ikakhulukazi ziluhlaza njalo zinamaqabunga amancane kakhulu. Ubuso bayo bumanzi futhi busiza ukuvimbela ukoma okubangelwa yimisebe yelanga eyeqile.
- Umbhede: Kuyisigaba sesibili sehlathi elishisayo futhi sinokuphakama okungaba ngamamitha angama-30-45. Yindawo lapho amagatsha nemiqhele yezihlahla zihlangana khona zenze izicubu eziminyene zamaqabunga namagatsha. Kungashiwo ukuthi luhlobo lobulembu bezingqimba ezingezansi. Lolu ungqimba luyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo.
- Ngaphansi kwesihlahla: Ingaphansi kombhede futhi iyindawo enomswakama ophakeme nezimo zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi. Lapha uhlaza olukhulu olukhona izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu athuthukise lo sayizi ukuze akwazi ukuthwebula ukukhanya okuncane okukhona futhi anamagatsha amafushane kakhulu.
- Phansi: Ekugcineni sinesendlalelo somhlabathi lapho izitshalo zikhula khona kancane ngenxa yokukhanya okuphansi okufinyelela ekumeni kwezitshalo eziningi. Amaqabunga abanzi ezitshalo zasemhlabeni agqamile futhi kutholakala inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezibolayo. Le nhlabathi icebile kakhulu futhi ivundile.
Izimbali nezilwane
Sishilo ukuthi ihlathi lemvula linezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Zibonakala ngokuba nekhathalogi ecebile yezinhlobo zehlathi kanye nezitshalo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezingaba nokuphakama okukhulu uma sikuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo ezincane kunezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ukuba wusizo kwezitshalo eziningi kangaka kwehlukene ngokubuka komuntu kokubili kwemithi nasekuqoqeni i-resin ne-latex. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezinkulu ezitholakala ehlathini esinazo ama-liana, ama-orchid, ama-bromeliads, izihlahla, njll
Mayelana nezilwane, sinenani elikhulu lezilwane ngenxa yokudla okuningana. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezingafani nezingavamile eziyingxenye yalesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo. Zibonakala ngokuba nezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezifana nezintuthwane, izimpukane, izinambuzane ezinamathelayo, izimvemvane, phakathi kwabanye. Sinezilwane ezinkulu ezinjenge izingwenya, izinkawu, izimfudu, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka, ama-jaguar, amalulwane, ihlosi, izingwenya, inani elikhulu lamaxoxo nama-tarantula... njll.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngehlathi elishisayo nezici zalo.