La i-photosynthesis kuyinqubo yamakhemikhali edingekayo ekuphileni emhlabeni wethu njengoba siwazi. Lena yindlela izitshalo ezisahamba ngayo ukuze zenze i-carbon dioxide emoyeni ibe umoya-mpilo. Kungenxa yalo moya-mpilo ukuthi zonke izidalwa eziphila emhlabeni zingahlala emhlabeni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini i-photosynthesis, yiziphi izici zayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Yini i-photosynthesis
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi njengamanje kuholele ekutheni kunciphe ukudliwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuphuma kwesisi esibamba ukushisa, okuholela ekutheni ukufudumala komkhathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okubi kakhulu. Ezimweni zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukubaluleka kwe-photosynthesis kuyanda.
Ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-biochemical emhlabeni ngoba ihilela ukukhiqizwa kwezakhi eziphilayo ezigcina amandla okukhanya kwelanga kuma-molecule awusizo ahlukene (ama-carbohydrate). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, igama layo livela egameni lesiGreki elithi photo, "ukukhanya" nelithi "inhlanganisela", "inhlanganisela." Ama-molecule e-organic ahlanganisiwe angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla amakhemikhali ukuze asekele izinqubo ezibalulekile ezifana nokuphefumula kwamaselula kanye ne-metabolism.
Ukuze izitshalo zenze i-photosynthesis, ukuba khona kwe-chlorophyll kuyadingeka, i-chlorophyll iyadingeka. i-pigment ezwela ukukhanya kwelanga futhi iyi-pigment eyenza izitshalo zibe nombala oluhlaza oyingqayizivele. Lolu hlobo lwe-pigment lukhona kuma-chloroplasts, okuyizakhiwo zamaselula ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kumaseli ezitshalo.
Izinhlobo ze-photosynthesis
Izitshalo zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni zingenza i-photosynthesize, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifana nama-fern, ulwelwe, namanye amagciwane aphilayo angakwazi futhi ukwenza i-photosynthesize. Ukuze wenze lokhu, banamafomu amabili:
- I-photosynthesis ye-oksijini, Ikhiqiza ushukela owusizo ezitshalweni, idla i-carbon dioxide (CO2) futhi ikhiqize umkhiqizo womoya-mpilo (O2). Lolu hlobo lubalulekile ekuphefumuleni ngoba luphambene nokushintshaniswa kwegesi.
- I-Anoxygenic Photosynthesis, uhlobo lwe-photosynthesis olungakhiqizi umoya-mpilo (O2), kodwa lisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze luhlukanise ama-molecule e-hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Ngale ndlela, ikhipha isibabule endaweni ezungezile noma isiqoqele kumabhaktheriya akwazi ukuthutha isulfure.
Ukuhwebelana kwegesi okwenzeka ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zemvelo nempilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ivumela ukukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulungisa izinto ezingaphili.
Izinzuzo zezitshalo zeplanethi
I-Photosynthesis iyinqubo ye-neuralgia yokuphila emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokukhanya, izitshalo zibamba i-carbon dioxide (CO2) futhi zikhulule umoya-mpilo phakathi nosuku. Ebusuku, isimo siphambene, babamba umoya-mpilo futhi bakhulule isikhutha. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ukuphila emhlabeni ngokusinika umoya-mpilo esiwudingayo ukuze siwuphefumule.
- Bagcina ibhalansi yamagesi asemkhathini. Ngenxa ye-photosynthesis, umoya-mpilo osetshenziswa ekuphefumuleni nasekushiseni ungashintshwa. Ngale ndlela, ukwanda kwe-carbon dioxide kuyagwenywa.
- Ziyisisekelo sokudla sezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Umjikelezo wempilo uqala ngezitshalo ngoba ziwumthombo wokudla kwezinto eziphilayo (ngandlela thize) kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni.
- Zinezakhiwo zokwelapha: Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, imithi eminingi esiyisebenzisayo ithathwe ngokuqondile ezitshalweni. Amakhemikhali amaningi akhishwe kuwo futhi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imithi ehlukahlukene.
- Zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Izinkuni noma uqalo yizibonelo ezithile. Angasetshenziswa futhi ukukhiqiza amandla ngokuvutha noma ukwenza izinto ezifana nephepha.
- Vikela umhlabathi. Ukubola kwe-organic matter (ikakhulukazi izitshalo) kuvumela umhlabathi ukuthi uthole imisoco edingekayo kwezolimo.
Izilwane kanye ne-photosynthesis
Sonke siyazi ukuthi i-photosynthesis iyinqubo ehlobene nezitshalo, ezihlukanisa nezilwane. Nokho, kunezilwane ezihlobene eduze ezikwazi ukwenza le nqubo.
Isibonelo salokhu Elysia Chlorotica, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-emerald slug. Ingenye yezilwane eziyinqaba emhlabeni futhi ijwayele ukuhlala eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwe-Atlantic. I-emerald slug imise okweqabunga futhi iluhlaza ngokujulile, ehluke kakhulu namachashaza amhlophe noma abomvu. Ifana kakhulu namaqabunga anoma yisiphi isitshalo, okwenza sifihle isikhali saso esingcono kakhulu, esicishe singabonakali emehlweni ezidla zaso.
Nokho, isici salesi silwane amandla aso e-photosynthesis. Ama-Emerald slugs adla ulwelwe oluphuzi, akhiphe ama-chloroplast kuwo futhi awahlanganise namangqamuzana okugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuyenza ikwazi ukumunca ukukhanya kwelanga njengesitshalo kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhula. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-kleptoplasty futhi ingathatha izinyanga ezingu-9 kuya kweziyi-12.
Olunye uhlobo lwezilwane oluhlobene ne-photosynthesis amakhorali. Bakwenza ngenxa ye-algae e-coral. Nakuba amakhorali evikela ulwelwe, awanika ukudla, okubuye kuwasize ukubala.
Ikusasa leplanethi enguMhlaba
I-Photosynthesis isungulwa njengendlela yemvelo engagcina ibhalansi yeplanethi yethu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo. Ukuze uqinisekise ikusasa leplanethi, amaphaphu akho kufanele avikelwe. Uma izindawo ezifana ne-Amazon ziqhubeka nokucekelwa phansi, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuzoba kubi kakhulu futhi kubeke engcupheni ukusinda kwethu.
Ukugcina izitshalo zethu zisesimweni esihle kusho ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukeni kwempilo. Izitshalo zethu zinesibopho sokugcina ibhalansi yamagesi asemkhathini, kodwa futhi ziyisisekelo sokudla sezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Umjikelezo wempilo uqala ngezitshalo, konke esikudlayo, kungaba izilwane noma izitshalo, inokuxhumana okuthile nalezi zidalwa.
Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka izitshalo zenza le nqubo, ebangela ukuba umkhathi wethu ugcwale umoya-mpilo omningi, ngaleyo ndlela zakhe ungqimba lwe-ozone. Ngaphandle kwawo, imisebe yelanga ayinakudala ukuphila okusemhlabeni eplanethini yethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zivikela izinga lomhlabathi wethu. Ngakho-ke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyinkinga enkulu ebangelwa inkinga yesimo sezulu ukunciphisa umthamo wezitshalo nezihlahla ukuze zimunce isikhutha. Uma singeke sikwazi ukuhlehlisa lesi simo esinzima, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekugcineni kuzoshintsha ukuphila kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yethu ezungezile kwenze iplanethi yethu ingahlali muntu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-photosynthesis nokubaluleka kwayo.