I-Machu Picchu, etholakala e-Andes yasePeru, iyindawo yemivubukulo egqama ngokubaluleka kwayo ngokomlando, kwamasiko nezakhiwo. Yakhelwe impucuko yama-Inca cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMX phezulu e-Andes, le nqaba ibhekwa njengobuciko bobuciko bezakhiwo zangaphambi kwe-Columbian kanye nobufakazi obumangalisayo bobunjiniyela obuthuthukisiwe base-Inca. Ukucwila kwenhlabathi e-Machu Picchu kubangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu. Leli qiniso ukuthi I-Machu Picchu iyacwila Akugcinanga nje ngokukhipha inhlabamkhosi ezweni kodwa naphakathi kwezivakashi ebezinezinhlelo zokuvakashela le ndawo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvakasha kwazo kumiswe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi kungani i-Machu Picchu icwila, kwenziwani ukuxazulula inkinga nokuthi yini ukubaluleka kwalesi simangaliso sezwe.
I-Machu Picchu iyacwila
Kusabalele izindaba zokuthi isimanga sesithathu somhlaba sehla ngokushesha ekujuleni. Unyaka nonyaka, idolobha lasePeruvia libhekana nokuwohloka komhlabathi walo, okulinganiselwa kumasentimitha angaba ngu-15, futhi kukholakala ukuthi lesi simo sibangelwa ukuthutheleka kwezivakashi elizikhangayo.
Naphezu kokuba khona kwamaphutha e-geological endaweni yawo, I-Machu Picchu imelane ngokuphawulekayo izinkulungwane zeminyaka kusukela yakhiwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ekhombisa ukukhuthazela kwakhe kanye nomthelela womuntu aye waba nawo.
Iziphathimandla ePeru zenze izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha. Lapho uvakashela i-Machu Picchu, kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi zazi ngezinyathelo zokuphepha nemikhawulo ebekwe iziphathimandla zasePeruvia ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho balesi sizinda somlando.
Ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yokuguguleka komhlabathi nokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi ngezikhathi zemvula enkulu, isinyathelo sokuqala kwaba ukufakwa kwama-drain slabs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthaza ukudonseka okungcono kwezinyawo nokugwema ukulimala phansi, Ukusetshenziswa kwezicathulo ezinezithende noma izinsimbi ezinzima kuvinjelwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo zenjoloba noma ama-soles soft kunconywa kakhulu.
Kusukela ngo-2019, iziphathimandla bezilungisa inkinga yokucwila kwedolobha elisesifundeni esiseningizimu ye-Eastern Cordillera yasePeru. Yize kube nezingxoxo zokuthi kungenzeka kuvalwe indawo emphakathini, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le ndawo isebenza njengensika ebalulekile embonini yezokuvakasha yezwe.
Uma kubhekwa lokhu, belindele ukuthatha isinqumo, bakhethe ukukhuthaza ezokuvakasha ezisimeme kanye nokuqalisa izinhlelo zokongiwa kwezindawo, okuyizo. Yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni yi-UNESCO njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngoDisemba 9, 1983.
Kungani i-Machu Picchu icwila?
Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, izikhulu zasePeruvia zibhale phansi indawo ezungezile ezungeze le nqaba yasendulo yase-Inca, imibiko ekhombisa ukwehla konyaka okungafika kumasentimitha ayi-15. Ukusabela kulesi simo esishaqisayo, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokuvikela ubuqotho besakhiwo sesiza.
Ukucwila kwe-Machu Picchu kungabangelwa izici eziningana, enye yazo ukufuduka kwansuku zonke kwezivakashi phakathi kwamaphiramidi. Nokho, lesi akusona isizathu kuphela. Ubufakazi bokwakheka komhlaba bubonisa ukuthi indawo yendlunkulu ye-Inca nayo idlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sayo esihlukile.
Ngokwe-athikili ebhalwe ngu-Kyoji Sassa, umcwaningi we-Disaster Prevention and Research Institute e-Kyoto University, I-citadel edumile ibhekene nokuwa okuseduze ngenxa yokuslayida okuqhubekayo komhlaba ngaphansi kwayo, okubeka engcupheni enkulu yokubhidlika komhlaba okungase kube ukucekela phansi.
U-Sassa kanye nethimba lakhe lezazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba bakubhekisise ngokuzimisela ukunyakaza futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi umgogodla uyashintsha kancane kancane ngenani eliyisentimitha elilodwa ngenyanga. Lokhu kususwa okuqhubekayo kubangela ingozi enkulu, njengoba kungase kuthuntubeze yonke indawo futhi kusheshise ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ye-Inca.
Nakuba umugqa wesikhathi oqondile wokucwila okungenzeka kwe-Machu Picchu usalokhu ungaqiniseki, Izinyathelo zokuqapha ziye zasetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe ukulondolozwa kwesizinda semivubukulo.
Ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bezakhiwo, kubalulekile ukuthobela iziqondiso ezithile, njengokugwema ukugqoka izithende noma izicathulo ezinamasoli aqinile. Esikhundleni salokho, kunconywa ukukhetha izicathulo ezinezintambo zenjoloba noma izinto ezithambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha le mikhawulo elandelayo:
- Gwema ukuphatha ojosaka, izikhwama nanoma iyiphi enye into eyeqa ubukhulu buka-40x35x20 cm.
- Angene ephethe ukudla.
- Ukuthola ukufinyelela ngesikhathi uphethe izinto ezingavunyelwe
- Amathini, izambulela, amapharasoli, izihlalo eziphathwayo, ama-tripods, izitendi zekhamera noma izandiso, kanye nokusimamisa noma ukunwetshwa kwemishini yokuthwebula akukwazi ukuthwala.
- Anikwazi ukungena nezilwane, ngaphandle kwezinja eziqondisayo.
- Ngena nezimpawu noma amafulegi.
Ukubaluleka kwe-Machu Picchu
Ukubaluleka kwe-Machu Picchu kusezicini ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, limelela ikhono lobuchwepheshe nekhono lokwakha lama-Inca, akwazi ukwakha idolobha endaweni eqhelile, enezintaba enemiwundu yezolimo, imigudu yemisele, nezakhiwo ezihlelwe ngokucophelela. Idolobha lasebenza njengesikhungo semikhosi nesokuphatha, nezakhiwo zalo ezihlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nemvelo.
Futhi, I-Machu Picchu inokubaluleka kwamasiko okubalulekile njengobufakazi obuphathekayo kumagugu acebile ama-Inca. Indawo yayo enamasu ephezulu e-Andes ibonisa ukuxhumana okungokomoya kwama-Inca nemvelo kanye nendawo yonke. Ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo kanye nokuma kwezakhiwo kuphakamisa ukuqonda okujulile kwezinkanyezi, okufakazela ukubaluleka kwesayensi yezinkanyezi ekubukeni kwazo komhlaba.
Izici zezakhiwo ze-Machu Picchu ziyaphawuleka. Idolobha linezitezi zezolimo ezibonisa ikhono lama-Inca lokuzijwayeza nokusebenzisa indawo enzima. Izakhiwo zakhiwe ngamatshe aqoshwe ngokucophelela futhi ahlanganiswe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa udaka, okubonisa indlela ethuthukisiwe ekwakheni. Amathempeli, amaplaza kanye nezindawo zokubuka izinto zibonisa ukuhlelwa kwedolobha okucophelelayo, okuveza ukubaluleka kokulinganisa nokuqondanisa nezinto zemvelo.
I-Machu Picchu yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO ngo-1983 futhi ingenye yezimangaliso Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba. Ukulondolozwa nokufundwa kwayo kuyaqhubeka nokuba yisisekelo ekuqondeni umlando wama-Inca kanye nokuvela kwempucuko yangaphambi kweColumbian eNingizimu Melika. Ubuhle bangaphakathi be-Machu Picchu, buhlanganiswe nenani layo lomlando namasiko, Bakwenza kube indawo eyisibonakaliso kanye nobufakazi obuhlala njalo bobuhlakani bomuntu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kungani i-Machu Picchu icwila nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathiwe mayelana nalokhu.