asambe 
Cabanga ngemoto engayikhiphi intuthu noma amagesi angcolisayo lapho ishayela, futhi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa uphethiloli noma udizili, isebenzisa i-hydrogen njengophethiloli. I-Hydrogen ayiseyona into yesikhathi esizayo kodwa isivele itholakala ngenxa ye- i-hydrogen fuel cell ezimotweni. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi isebenza kanjani futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zokuzisebenzisa.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana ne-hydrogen fuel cell ezimotweni, izici zayo, izinzuzo nokunye okuningi.
Ziyini izimoto ze-hydrogen cell
Empeleni, ibhethri le-hydrogen liwumshini oguqula amandla amakhemikhali agcinwe ku-hydrogen abe amandla kagesi. Isebenza ngenqubo lapho i-hydrogen kuhlangana nomoya-mpilo ophuma emoyeni ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, amanzi, nokushisa njengemikhiqizo. Ugesi okhiqizwayo unganika amandla injini kagesi eshayela amasondo emoto, eyivumela ukuthi ihambe.
I-hydrogen fuel cell yakhiwe amaseli amaningana ngamanye.. Ingqamuzana ngalinye linama-electrode amabili, i-anode ne-cathode, ahlukaniswe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrolyte. I-Hydrogen yethulwa ku-anode futhi umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni wethulwa ku-cathode. Lapho i-hydrogen ihlangana ne-anode, ihlukana ibe ama-proton nama-electron. Ama-protons ahamba nge-electrolyte aye ku-cathode, kuyilapho ama-electron ehamba ngesekethe yangaphandle, ekhiqiza ugesi kule nqubo. Ku-cathode, ama-proton, ama-electron, nomoya-mpilo kuyahlangana akhe amanzi nokushisa.
Isebenza kanjani
Umehluko omkhulu ngemoto ye-hydrogen ukuthi, Nakuba kuyimoto kagesi, njengoba unemoto kagesi ephendula amasondo ngokuphelele, ayisebenzi ngendlela efanayo. Emotweni yamafutha, imoto ikhiqiza ugesi ewudingayo.
Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amabhethri ukuze agcine amandla, asebenzisa ama-fuel cell, afana nezikhungo zikagesi eziphathwayo. Uma sihlaziya izimoto ezivuthayo, amandla atholakala ngokushisa okuphuma ku-petroleum, futhi ezimotweni ze-hydrogen, i-hydrogen icutshungulwa ukuze ikhiqize ugesi lapho kudingeka.
Igesi ye-Hydrogen (H2) ngaphansi kwengcindezi igcinwa emathangeni athile. Lesi sakhi silethwa ku-fuel cell lapho umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni ozungezile wengezwa ukuze ukhiqize ugesi namanzi (H2O) atholakala njengomkhiqizo osalayo. Ngoba yebo, izimoto ze-hydrogen zinamapayipi okukhipha umoya, kodwa azingcolisi, zikhipha umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela.
Ugesi okhiqizwa i-fuel cell uya ebhethrini, futhi njengasemotweni kagesi, ibhethri linomthwalo wemfanelo wokusabalalisa amandla enjini kagesi yemoto. Amandla adingeka kakhulu nawo angalethwa asuka ku-fuel cell aye enjini kagesi.
Ugesi oweqile oqoqwe ebhethrini, kanye nokutholwa kwamandla ngokubhuleka kabusha, igcinwa ebhethrini, evumela ukuthi indlela ye-fuel cell isebenze ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-hydrogen.
Inzuzo Nobude Besikhathi
Uma kuziwa endabeni yokuqina, cabanga ngemoto esebenza nge-hydrogen njengemoto evamile kaphethiloli noma ekadizili. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-hydrogen fuel cell ezimotweni aklanyelwe ukugcina impilo yemoto evamile, enekhwalithi efanayo, ukuqina nokwethembeka njenganoma iyiphi enye imoto.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-hydrogen fuel cell yilokho Bakhiqiza ugesi ngaphandle kokukhipha ukungcola okuyingozi emvelweni. Okuwukuphela komkhiqizo obalulekile amanzi, okwenza izimoto zamangqamuzana e-hydrogen zithathwe ngokuthi "ziro emissions." Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikeza ukuzimela okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri emoto kagesi yendabuko, njengoba inqubo yokushajwa kabusha iyashesha futhi iqhathaniswa nokugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli.
Ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ibhethri le-hydrogen ezimotweni yilezi:
- I-Zero yasendaweni ekhishwayo: Okuwukuphela kokukhishwa okukhiqiziweyo umhwamuko wamanzi, onegalelo elikhulu ekwehliseni ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nekhwalithi yomoya ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
- Ukuzimela okunwetshiwe: Izimoto zamaseli e-hydrogen zingaba nokugijima isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokudinga ukushajwa kabusha, okuzenze zifaneleke kakhulu ukuhamba amabanga amade.
- Ukushaja okusheshayo: ukugcwalisa kabusha ithangi le-hydrogen kungathatha imizuzu embalwa nje, efana nesikhathi esithathwayo ukugcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo ukusetshenziswa: Amaseli e-hydrogen angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, hhayi ezimotweni kuphela, kodwa nasezinhlelweni zamandla ezimile, njengamajeneretha kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezisekelayo.
- Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Amaseli kaphethiloli we-Hydrogen angase asebenze kahle kakhulu mayelana nokuguqulwa kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi.
- Igalelo kumandla avuselelekayo: I-hydrogen esetshenziswa kumaseli e-hydrogen fuel ingakhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga nawomoya, ngenqubo ebizwa nge-electrolysis.
Izinkinga ze-hydrogen cell ezimotweni
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-hydrogen ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezibonakala kakhulu etafuleni lezikhathi ngenxa yemvamisa eyenzeka ngayo, ukuyithola akulula.
I-Hydrogen iyigesi engenabungozi ngokuphelele ekushiseni kwegumbi nokucindezela, kodwa i-hydrogen ngokwayo ayitholakali njengeqoqo. Ayikho i-hydrogen emhlabathini, futhi ayikhuli ezihlahleni. Ukuba khona kwawo kuhlobene nezinye izakhi esizidingayo ukuze siwuhlukanise: isibonelo, amanzi, i-H2O, akhiwe ama-athomu amabili e-hydrogen kanye ne-athomu eyodwa ye-oxygen.
Ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-hydrogen (H2), amanzi kufanele ahlukaniswe abe ugesi ngenqubo yokufakwa kwegesi ebizwa ngokuthi i-electrolysis. Kudingeka inani elikhulu lamandla ukuze kutholwe umoya-mpilo (O) ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye ne-hydrogen ehlanzekile (H2) ukuze uyigcine ngakolunye uhlangothi.
I-Hydrogen ingabuye itholakale ngokuguqulwa kwe-hydrocarbon, i-hydrocarbon noma i-biomass gasification, ukukhiqizwa kwebhaktheriya noma ulwelwe oluncane, kanye nokuhamba ngamabhayisikili e-thermochemical (kusetshenziswa amandla enuzi noma amandla elanga).
Enye yezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezihlobene ne-hydrogen ukugcinwa kwayo. Kuyigesi eguquguqukayo ngokwedlulele enesisindo esingu-0,0899 kg/m3 kuphela, ngakho ukugcina leli gesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi kusho ukwengeza izinto ezinzima kakhulu ukuze uzigcine ethangini. Ngobuchwepheshe bamanje akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokugcwalisa/ukuthulula ama-valve.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunendaba yokugcwalisa amafutha: akulula. E-Spain, lapho okwamanje sinenethiwekhi engazinzile, kunezitshalo eziyisikhombisa kuphela ze-hydrogen: ezimbili e-Huesca, enye e-Zaragoza, enye e-Madrid, enye e-Albacete, enye e-Puertollano, enye e-Seville. Ngo-2017 kwabikezelwa ukuthi kungase kube nezitshalo ze-hydrogen ezingu-20 ngo-2020, kodwa iqiniso lihluke kakhulu.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamaseli e-hydrogen fuel ezimotweni nezici zawo.