I-Dome Architecture isezingeni eliphezulu, nezinhlelo ezintsha ezengeza inani emhlabeni ojabulisa ngempela. Abanye basebenzela ubuchwepheshe bamuva, abanye basebenzela ukwenza kube nokwenzeka ngathi ukwakha a i-geodesic dome ensimini yendlu yethu ngamahora ambalwa futhi ngendlela elula kakhulu. Noma ngabe kuyini, lesi sakhiwo esimeme senza izinguquko emakethe.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-geodesic dome, izici zayo kanye nendlela yokwenza eyodwa.
Umlando we-geodeic dome
Nakuba ingakaqanjwa igama, idome ye-geodesic yethulwa okokuqala ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I nguWalther Bauersfeld, unjiniyela wenkampani ye-Carl Zeiss optics. I-dome yokuqala yasetshenziswa njengendawo yeplanethi.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-1954 kamuva, u-Buckminster Fuller kanye nomdwebi ogama lakhe lingu-Kenneth Snelson babesebenza kumaphrojekthi wokwakha e-Black Mountain College, futhi u-Fuller wasungula igama elithi "geodesy" ukuchaza isakhiwo esikhulayo. Ngo-1954, u-Fuller nabafundi bakhe bakha idome ye-geodesic e-Woods Hole, Massachusetts, namanje, lapho bathola ilungelo lobunikazi le-geodesic dome. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wabamba iqhaza ku-42 Italian Triennale Architecture Exhibition, wakha isakhiwo se-geodesic esingu-XNUMX-foot cardboard eMilan. Waklonyeliswa ngomklomelo wokuqala ngempumelelo yakhe.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, izindlu zikaFuller zakhethelwa izidingo zempi nezezimboni kusukela ezimbonini kuya eziteshini zokubuka isimo sezulu. Ukumelana nomoya nesimo sezulu, amadome e-geodesic nawo alethwa kalula ngamaqoqo futhi ahlanganiswe ngokushesha.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 amabhange namanyuvesi nawo asebenzisa izindlu ze-geodesic. Enye yamadome yaboniswa kamuva kuMbukiso Womhlaba wango-1964 kanye Nombukiso Womhlaba wango-1967. Kamuva i-geodesic kanye nezinye izindlu zejiyomethri zakhiwa e-Antarctica, lapho idome ye-geodesic yatholakala khona isango lokungena elidumile le-Disney's EPCOT Center.
UBuckminster Fuller ubheke izindlu ze-geodesic njengezindlu ezibiza kancane, ezakha kalula ezizobhekana nokushoda kwezindlu. Ubone ngeso lengqondo i-Dymaxion House njengekhithi eyandulelayo enezici ezifana neziza ezijikelezayo kanye nesiphephetha-moya esiqhutshwa umoya, kodwa akazange akubone lokho. Impumelelo yangempela kwakuyindlu eyisisekelo ye-geodesic azakhela yona eCarbondale, e-Illinois, lapho ahlala khona iminyaka eminingi.
Ngawo-1970, izindlu ze-geodesic zakhiwe ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa egcekeni, kanye nezinguqulo zasekhaya zezindlu ze-geodesic zakhula ngokuthandwa. Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, ukuthakaseleka kwezakhiwo ze-geodeic kwancipha. Umuntu angawabona amaphutha ayo angokoqobo.
Nakuba iphupho lika-Fuller le-prefab, ikhaya le-geodesic elilethwe ngendiza enophephela emhlane lingazange lifezeke, abaklami bezakhiwo kanye namafemu akha ama-design-build badale izinhlobo ezihlukile zezindlu ezinezindlu eziphakeme ezisekelwe emibonweni yakhe. Namuhla, i-geodesic igloos ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, kungaba yizindlu ezigcwele, izingosi ze-glamping noma izindlu ezinobungani bemvelo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ukuma nokwakheka kwendlu ye-geodesic igloo kuyivumela ukuthi imelane nemimoya enamandla. Akhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kusukela e-Aircrete, inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele kasimende negwebu elomisa ngokushesha, kuya ku-adobe. Iningi lisekelwa ngokhuni noma ngensimbi futhi liqedwe nge-polyester yezakhiwo, i-aluminium, i-fiberglass, noma i-Plexiglas.
Ama-Sphere asebenza kahle kakhulu ngoba avala isikhala esikhulu sangaphakathi esihlobene nendawo engaphezulu, konga imali nezinto zokwakha ngesikhathi sokwakha. Ngenxa yokuthi amadomu e-geodesic ayindilinga, izakhiwo zinezinye izinzuzo:
Ngaphandle kwezindonga noma ezinye izithiyo, umoya namandla kungajikeleza ngokukhululeka, ukwenza ukushisisa nokupholisa kusebenze kahle. Umumo ubuye unciphise ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngemisebe. Ingaphezulu lincane, ukuchayeka kancane ekushiseni noma kubanda. Imimoya enamandla ivunguza ingaphandle egobile, inciphisa amathuba okulimala komoya.
Izinzuzo zedome ye-geodesic
Emigqeni elandelayo, sizohlaziya ngayinye ngayinye izici eziyinhloko ezinquma impumelelo ye-geodesic dome. Izinto zokwakha ezengeziwe zigcinwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe impilo yesevisi noma indawo yokusebenza kunanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esinamanye amajamo.
Isilawuli sokushisa
Kusukela ekutholweni kwabo, i-geodeic domes kube ngesinye seziphephelo eziphephe kakhulu esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu nesinzima eMhlabeni, ngenxa yokuchayeka kancane emakhazeni ebusika kanye nokushisa ehlobo.
Ukudluliswa kwezinga lokushisa kuyisici esiqondile phakathi kwezindawo eziveziwe noma izindawo zangaphandle zodonga. I-dome iyindilinga futhi ihlanganisa indawo encane ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu yangaphakathi, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuzuza okuncane noma ukulahlekelwa kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukuma kwangaphakathi kudala ukugeleza komoya oshisayo noma obandayo ongasetshenziswa ukulawula, ukusimamisa nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi, kuqedwe izindawo ezibandayo ezingaba khona. Ngenxa yalesi simo, sisebenza njengesibonisi esikhulu esibheke phansi, sibonisa futhi sigxilise ukushisa ngaphakathi, okuphinde kuvimbele ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwe-radial. Ngakho-ke idome iba yisakhiwo esilungele isimo sezulu esishisayo, sisebenza njengendawo yokuhlola, ilabhorethri noma izimpondo ze-radar ezivikelayo.
isakhiwo esiphephile
Ngenxa yokuma kwayo, i-geodesic dome iyisakhiwo esizinzile ngoba lapho ingcindezi ifakwa kuyo, isatshalaliswa (ngezinga elithile) kuso sonke isakhiwo. Yakhiwe ngonxantathu, kungathiwa inozinzo oluyingqayizivele ngoba onxantathu yibo kuphela opholigoni abangagugi ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kunikeza idome ukuzinza okuyingqayizivele. Onxantathu baxhumene ngendlela yokuthi izinhlangothi zabo zakhe inethiwekhi ye-geodesic "yemibuthano emikhulu" (eyaziwa nangokuthi imizila), enikeza ukuhambisana nokuqina kukho konke.
I-dome, ngendandatho yayo ephansi kanye nendawo ephansi ye-gravity, isabalalisa isisindo sakho ngokulinganayo endizeni yokusekela, okuyinikeza inzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izakhiwo ekubhekaneni nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Lapho imimoya enamandla evela eziphepho, izivunguvungu, neziphepho ihlasela ama-eaves nama-cornices amakhaya endabuko, idala ukucindezela okungekuhle okungangena ngaphansi, kucekele phansi konke noma ingxenye yophahla futhi kuvezwe abahlezi. Kodwa-ke, umumo we-aerodynamic wedome le-geodesic dome kanye nezinto ezingadonsi zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka komoya okungcono kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki umumo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-geodesic dome nezici zayo.