Enye yezingozi zenuzi eziyinhlekelele emlandweni futhi eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke kube yingozi I-Chernobyl. Ithathwa njengengozi yenuzi embi kunazo zonke emlandweni futhi, nanamuhla, kunemiphumela kuzo zombili izitshalo, izilwane nabantu. Ingozi yenzeke ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986 futhi kusenemiphumela. Le nhlekelele yaba ngumzuzu wokuchithwa kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nomlando wamandla enuzi. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi indawo ezungeze sonke isikhungo esidala samandla enuzi ngeke ihlaliswe eminye iminyaka engu-20.000 XNUMX.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okwenzekile nokuthi yaba yini imiphumela yenhlekelele yaseChernobyl.
Kwenzekani eChernobyl
Le nhlekelele yenuzi yenzeke eduzane nedolobha laseChernobyl ezweni elaliyi-USSR. Leli dolobha lifake imali eningi emandleni enuzi ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba. Kwakusuka ngo-1977 kuqhubeke lapho ososayensi baseSoviet babephethe faka izinhlobo ezi-4 ze-RBMK reactors esikhungweni samandla enuzi. Lesi sitshalo senuzi sitholakala emngceleni wamanje phakathi kwe-Ukraine neBelarus.
Ingozi iqale ngokuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile kokulungiswa kwesikhungo sokuphehla ugesi sesine. Abasebenzi babenombono wokusebenzisa isikhathi ababekhuthele ngaso ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe ophendulayo angaphola yini uma kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo sishiywe singenalo uhlobo logesi. Njengoba sazi, umsuka wokuqhuma kwenuzi kwenzeka ngenxa yekhono lezinto zenuzi ukupholisa emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kukagesi.
Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokupholisa ophendulayo, abasebenzi bephule imigomo ethile yokuphepha futhi lokhu ngokuzumayo kwandisa amandla ngaphakathi kwesitshalo. Yize benze eminye imizamo yokuvala i-reactor, kube nokunye ukukhuphuka kwamandla okubangele ukusabela okuxubile kokuqhuma ngaphakathi. Ekugcineni, umnyombo we-reactor wadalulwa futhi inqwaba yezinto ezibonakalayo ezinemisebe yegesi zaxoshelwa emoyeni.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuthi iReactor 4 eChernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ivuthe amalangabi ayenobuthi, kwaba embozwe ngamanani amakhulu kakhonkolo nensimbi okuqukethe yonke into enemisebe ngaphakathi. Lesi sakhiwo sasendulo sangcwatshwa ukuvimbela ukwanda kwemisebe. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ngo-2016, kwaqiniswa nokuqukethwe okusha ukuze namuhla izinto ezibonakalayo ezinemisebe zingabonakali.
Futhi ukuthi imisebe iqhubeka emkhathini izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ngalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela umnyombo we-reactor ukuze imisebe ingasakhishwa.
Inhlekelele yenuzi
Inhlekelele yenuzi iqale lapho konke ukusabela kwamaketanga kubangela ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwesikhungo samandla enuzi. Izicishamlilo zizame ukucisha imililo eminingi kwathi ekugcineni, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zalahla isihlabathi nezinye izinto ngenhloso yokuzama ukucisha amalangabi nokuqukatha ukungcola. Kushone abantu ababili ngesikhathi kuqhuma kanti isibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi nabezicishamlilo bangeniswe esibhedlela. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokuwa kwemisebe nomlilo wawukhona. Akekho owakhishwa ezindaweni eziseduze, ngisho nasedolobheni eliseduze lasePripiat. Leli dolobha lalakhelwe ukuhlalisa bonke abasebenzi balesi sitshalo. Kwase kungamahora angama-36 ngemuva kwenhlekelele lapho le ndawo yaqala ukukhishwa khona.
Ukudalulwa kwengozi yenuzi kwabonwa njengengozi enkulu kwezepolitiki, kepha kwase kwephuze kakhulu futhi kwakungeke kufihlwe. Ukuwa kwase kuyisabalalisile imisebe eSweden, lapho iziphathimandla kwesinye isikhungo samandla enuzi zaqala ukuzibuza ukuthi kwenzekani e-USSR. Ngemuva kokuphika ingozi ekuqaleni, abaseSoviet bagcina ngokumemezela ngo-Ephreli 28.
Ebhekene nengozi yenuzi enkulu kangaka, umhlaba wonke waqala ukubona ukuthi wawubona umcimbi oyingqophamlando. Kuze kufike ku-30% wayo yonke i-uranium yamathani emitha ayi-190 eChernobyl ayesemkhathini. Yilapho-ke Kwanqunywa ukuthi kukhishwe abantu abangama-335.000 futhi kwasungulwa indawo engafakwa engaba ngamakhilomitha angama-30 ezungeze ophendulayo.
Imiphumela yengozi yaseChernobyl
Ekuqaleni, njengoba kwenzeka Kule ngozi kushone abantu abangu-28 kwathi abangaphezu kwekhulu balimala. Ososayensi beKomiti Yezesayensi Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezocwaningo Lwemiphumela Ye-Atomic Radiation bamemezele ukuthi izingane kanye nentsha engaphezu kuka-6.000 baba nomdlavuza wegilozi ngemuva kokuchayeka emisebeni yesigameko senuzi. Futhi ukuthi ingozi idale uchungechunge lwezinhlayiya ezinikeze indawo enhle. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlayiya bezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-radioactivity, okuholele ekutheni izakhamizi zasePripiat zivezwe emisebeni emikhulu ebangele ukwakheka kwezimila.
Kuphelele cishe abantu abangu-4.000 bavezwa amazinga aphezulu emisebe futhi ngenxa yalokho umdlavuza ongaba khona uxhunyaniswa nale radiation. Imiphumela ephelele yengozi, engeza imithelela empilweni yezengqondo nasezizukulwaneni ezalandela, iyaqhubeka nokubaluleka okukhulu futhi iqhubeka nokuphikisana kuze kube namuhla.
Njengamanje kunemizamo yokunqanda nokuqapha imisebe ekhona endaweni yesiphendukezeli senuzi. Izinsalela zalesi siphenduli zingaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi esakhiwe ngasekupheleni kuka-2016. Ukuqapha, ukuvimba nokuhlanza kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kuze kube okungenani ngo-2065.
Ukuze kuhlinzwe bonke abasebenzi besikhungo samandla enuzi eminyakeni yama-70s, kwakhiwa idolobha iPripiat. Kusukela lapho, leli dolobha seliphenduke idolobha eliyizipoki elilahliwe futhi njengamanje lisetshenziswa njengelebhu ukutadisha amaphethini wokuwa okukhipha imisebe.
Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yenhlekelele yenuzi
Kuhlala kukhulunywa ngenhlekelele yenuzi, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya imithelela yesikhathi eside. Kunomthelela osheshayo ehlathini nasezilwaneni ezizungezile okusaphenywa ngakho. Ngemuva kwengozi, indawo engaba ngu-10 km² yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "ihlathi elibomvu". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izihlahla eziningi ziphenduke zaba nsundu ngokubomvu futhi zafa ngemuva kokumunca amazinga aphezulu emisebe evela emkhathini.
Njengamanje, senza yonke indawo yokukhishwa ilawulwe ukuthula okuthusayo, kepha kugcwele impilo. Izihlahla eziningi ziphinde zabuya futhi zajwayela amazinga aphezulu emisebe. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho kwemisebenzi yabantu ezungeze isitshalo samandla enuzi. Abantu bezinye izinhlobo ezinjengama-lynx kanye nentuthuko bakhuphukile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2015 bekunezimpisi eziphindwe kasikhombisa endaweni yokuvalelwa ngaphandle kwezinqolobane eziseduze, sibonga ukungabikho kwabantu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngisho nenhlekelele eyaziwayo yenuzi efana neChernobyl isifundisa ukuthi abantu bayinkinga yangempela yemvelo.
Kuphela ngesiphetho sokugcina lapho ngiqonda khona inhloso ye-covid19.