IBiotope yigama olizwile ngokuqinisekile ngesinye isikhathi. Ngesiqalo bio sivele sisho ukuthi sibhekisa empilweni futhi ngesijobelelo topo sisho indawo noma indawo. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi, nge-etymologically, i-biotope isho impilo yendawo.
Kodwa-ke, imvelo iyafaneleka impela ku-term biotope. Ngokwesichazamazwi saseSpain, i-biotope ithi «insimu noma indawo yokuhlala lapho izimo zayo zemvelo zanele ukuba umphakathi othile wezidalwa ukhule lapho«. Ngokunikezwe lokhu, yibuphi ubudlelwane i-biotope enabo nezidalwa eziphilayo, imvelo nezinhlelo zemvelo?
Ubudlelwano be-biotope nezinhlelo zemvelo
Izinhlobo eziningi zezimila nezilwane zihlala ndawonye ku-ecosystem, zakha ibhalansi lapho wonke umuntu angahlala khona. Leyo ndawo abahlala kuyo inezinsizakusebenza ezithile zemvelo ezizokwazi ukondla abantu. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezihlala ndawonye kumele zabelane ngensimu nangezinsizakusebenza. Yize lokhu "kwabelana" kungelula kangako. Ngokuyinhloko izinhlobo zilwela ngokuqhubekayo izinsiza. Abanye bakwenza ngqo, okungukuthi, babhekene nezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, abanye bayasizana, abanye bavumelane nemvelo futhi bangosomathuba, abanye bayazi ukuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezinomncintiswano omncane, njll. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendlela yalo yokusinda, ngoba kuyizinsizakusebenza ezisekela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo.
Lapho ubudlelwano be-biotope nezinhlobo ezihlala kuyo sebuchaziwe, singenza incazelo nomehluko okhona ngempela. Ngale ndlela yokuphila kwehlukaniswa amagama amabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi sine-biocenosis, okusho konke okuhlobene nezimbali nezilwane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sine-biotope, ebhekise esimweni sezulu, amanzi kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, yize igama elithi biotope linesiqalo bio, okusho ukuthi impilo, kulokhu, libhekisa endaweni eyenza impilo yezilwane nezitshalo ibe nokwenzeka futhi eliyisekelayo ngemithombo yemvelo etholakalayo.
Singasho ukuthi lapho i-biotope ingakwazi ukusekela impilo, yakha i-ecosystem. Ukuba khona kwe-ecosystem kungenzeka kuphela lapho iqoqo lesimo sezulu, amanzi nohlobo lomhlabathi lwanele ukuxhasa inani lezilwane nezitshalo.
I-Biotope ne-biocenosis
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuhlangana kwe-biotope ne-biocenosis kwakha imvelo. Njengoba sazi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo nemvelo ezihlinzeka ngezimo ezidingekayo, ezanele futhi ezizinzile zemvelo ukuvumela izitshalo nezilwane ukuba zande futhi ziphile.
Ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezakha i-ecosystem ukwakheka kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene njengezindawo zemifula, imvelo yezintaba, imvelo yehlathi, njll.
Ukusebenzisana okukhona ezinhlelweni zemvelo kungaba yisinqumo sezinhlobo ezihlalisanayo futhi imvamisa ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zenzekile. Impilo ezindaweni zemvelo inezinto zayo eziguqukayo, okungukuthi, kuya ngemvelo esizithola sikuyo, singabona izinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene komunye nomunye emazingeni ehlukene kochungechunge lokudla, ngezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene noma ukushintshana kwamandla nezinto.
Kumele sikuqonde ukuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane zihlala futhi zikhule ngoba kunamanethiwekhi anele okuxhumana nokushintshana ngamandla ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza kanjena. Ngokungafani nendawo yokuhlala, okuyigama elihlobene ne-biotope, kepha elibhekisa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni, i-biotope ihlobene ne-biocenosis. Ngale ndlela, la magama womabili ngokuhlangene abhekisele kusethi yezinto eziphilayo zezinhlobo ezahlukene ezihlala emkhathini.
Kungani ibiotope ibalulekile?
Akukhona ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi i-biotope izoxazulula kanjani izimpilo zethu noma sizoyisebenzisa ezingxoxweni zethu zansuku zonke, ngoba igama elithi biotope lisetshenziswa kuphela ezindaweni zemvelo nakwezemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi ukuthi yini i-biotope kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa isiko lethu jikelele futhi ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kokunakekela indawo yethu yemvelo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, emvelweni nasezinhlelweni zemvelo, kukhona ukulingana kwemvelo okudingekayo ukugcina izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zizinzile. Le bhalansi isungulwa ikakhulukazi phakathi kwe-biotope ne-biocenosis. Kukhona nezilinganiso phakathi kwe-biocenosis ne-biocenosis uqobo, okungukuthi, izilinganiso phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane kanye / noma zezitshalo. Ukuba sengozini kokuwohloka kwaleli bhalansi yemvelo kuncike ohlotsheni ngalunye, ukuguquguquka kwalo, ukwehluka kofuzo, indawo yokusabalalisa, ubuningi nokunye okuguqukayo kwemvelo okuyizinto zokulungisa isimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuba sengozini yokonakala kwebhalansi yemvelo kungenzeka emazingeni ehlukene. Ukusuka ekunciphiseni kwabantu bezinhlobo ezithile ngenxa yokushoda kwengxenye yemvelo (enjengenani lezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini), ekunyamalaleni okuphelele kwezinye izinhlobo (njengesomiso esiqeda konke Amanzi).
Singafunda ngezemvelo ngokubheka izinto ezahlukahlukene nobudlelwano bazo zonke. Isibonelo, singagxila ekutadisheni imvelo yasemanzini egxile kuphela engxenyeni yamanzi amasha, noma kuphela kumjikelezo wamanzi, noma ohlotsheni oluthile lomfula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singahlaziya imvelo ephelele, njengentaba eyodwa, bese sibheka zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ndawonye nokuthi buphi ubuhlobo obukhona phakathi kwazo zonke. Yize isamba sama-biotopes ahlukene nemiphakathi yebhayoloji yakha amaqiniso ahlukile, isidingo sokulondolozwa siyinhlangano ejwayelekile yazo zonke.
Abuyiselwa kanjani ama-biotopes?
Kufanele sicabangele ukuthi yi-biotope esekela konke ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi uma, ngokwesibonelo, enye yezinto ze-biotope (ngokwesibonelo inhlabathi) ingazigcini izici zayo ezibalulekile noma yehlisiwe, izothinta yonke imvelo ehlukahlukene edinga ukuthi iphile. Kungakho-ke, lapho izingxenye ze-biotope zilimele (imvamisa ngemisebenzi yabantu) futhi ingakwazi ukuzibuyisa, noma okungenani ngejubane elidingekayo ukuze ingathinti ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kuyadingeka yenza ukubuyisela.
Kusukela ngo-1970, ama-biotopes athola ukunakwa okukhulu eYurophu (ikakhulukazi eJalimane) maqondana nokulondolozwa, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zemvelo. Lapho i-ecosystem yonakele kabi, uzama ukugcina nokubuyisela.
Ukuze ubuyisele i-biotope, izenzo zalolu hlobo zingenziwa:
- Ukwakha uphahla oluhlaza
- Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwemifula ukubuyisa ikhwalithi yayo
- Ukongiwa kwezihlahlana kanye nezihlahla emhlabeni olinywayo wezolimo
- Ukudalwa kwamapaki emvelo
- Ukwakhiwa kwezingadi zesikole noma amachibi acabangela imvelo
- Ukwakhiwa kwezingadi ezizimele ezibhekelela imvelo.
- Amahlathi
- Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho eliluhlaza
- Ukwakhiwa kwamaphaseji emvelo
- Ukuvuselelwa kwezinhlobo
Konke lokhu kunombuso oshaya umthetho lokho kwenza ukuhambisana okubophezelayo nezindinganiso ezisunguliwe zokuvikela nokongiwa.
Ukulondolozwa kwe-biotope kubalulekile ukuze sikwazi ukusekela yonke imvelo ehlukahlukene edingayo. Ngalokhu singaqonda kancane ngemvelo nezici zayo.