Omunye wemibono ehlobene nemvelo engokwemvelo edidaniswe nemvelo yi i-biome. Kungumqondo ohlanganisa yonke indawo lapho okwabiwa khona izitshalo, izilwane nezimo zezulu. Kungashiwo ukuthi into enkulu yokunquma yokuba khona kwe-biome eyodwa noma enye yisimo sezulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesimo sezulu kungaba nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwempilo nentuthuko yayo.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici ze-biome nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezikhona.
Izici eziyinhloko
Siyazi ukuthi i-biome iyunithi ehlukanisa indawo lapho ikhona izici ezahlukahlukene zokuma komhlaba nezesimo sezulu ezinamanani afanayo. Lokho wukuthi, kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici zebhayoloji nezimo zezulu ezinquma uhlobo lwezimbali nezilwane eziqubukayo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesimo sezulu nezimo ezikhona zomhlaba, uhlobo oluthile lokuphila noma olunye lungavela. Ngendlela ejwayelekile singasho ukuthi i-biome iyingxenye ethile yeplanethi lapho kwabiwa khona isimo sezulu, izitshalo nezilwane.
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko esizithola ku-biome sinesimo sezulu esikhona esincike kakhulu emvuleni nasezingeni lokushisa. Lezi ezimbili yizinto eziguquguqukayo ezinquma kakhulu izimo zazo zonke ezinye izinto. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-biomes akhona emhlabeni zihlukaniswa yizimo kanye nemiphakathi yezinto eziphilayo ezithuthukayo. Uhlobo lwezimila, mhlawumbe, luyisici lapho kungabonakala khona izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu. Isici esiyinhloko esichaza uhlobo lwe-biome yisimo sezulu.
Singasho ukuthi igama elithi biome livame ukudideka nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezindawo zokuhlala ezikhona. Izindawo zokuhlala zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimvelo noma ama-ecosystem.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-biome, i-ecozone, i-ecosystem kanye ne-habitat
Le mibono emi-4 iyona evame ukudideka lapho kukhulunywa ngalezi zinkinga. Ku-jargon yemvelo nemvelo kunemiqondo eyehlukene equkethe izimo noma izici ezifanayo. Sizokuchaza ukuthi yimiphi imiqondo esemqoka evame ukudideka nokuthi ngamunye usho ukuthini:
- Ama-Ecozone: Kungukunwetshwa kobuso beplanethi lapho sithola khona izidalwa eziphilayo njengezilwane nezitshalo ezikhule zodwa. Lezi zinhlobo zokuphila sezithuthuke esifundeni esithile ngenxa yokuba khona kwezithiyo zemvelo ezinjengezintaba, izilwandle, amachibi amakhulu noma izingwadule, phakathi kokunye. Ihlukaniswe ngezinga elikhulu futhi ibisuselwa ezicini zokuziphendukela kwemvelo namaphethini wokusabalalisa ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni.
- Izindawo zokuhlala: Ngenye yemiqondo evame ukudideka nomqondo we-biome. Lezi yizindawo ezihlala uhlobo oluthile, kungaba yizitshalo noma izilwane. Indawo yokuhlala ivame ukuba nayo futhi igcine izimo zemvelo ezidingekayo ukuze izinto eziphilayo zikhule futhi zikhule kahle.
- Izinhlelo zemvelo: Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-biome ne-ecosystem ukuthi kungashiwo ukuthi i-biome iqoqo lezinto eziphilayo lapho zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zihlala esifundeni esithile futhi zihlobene kakhulu nemvelo yazo kanye nezinye. Kulokhu kungashiwo ukuthi i-ecosystem ingukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezici ze-abiotic nezinto ze-biotic. Okusho ukuthi, ku-ecosystem ubudlelwane obukhona phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nemvelo ebonakalayo kuyafundwa.
Indawo
Lapho sesiyicacisile imiqondo, sizohlaziya indawo ngokuya ngezimo zendawo yama-biomes. Kufanele ucabangele ezinye izici ezizocacisa indawo yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-biomes. Lezi zimo zimi kanje:
- Ububanzi: Yiyo ezocacisa izinga lokushisa kanye nesikhathi sonyaka. Ngokuya ngobubanzi sithola izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esingaphansi komhlaba, isimo sezulu esipholile, isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo.
- Isimo sezulu: ikakhulukazi kunqunywa yimvula. Imvula iyadingeka ukuze ikwazi ukuthuthukisa impilo yazo zombili izitshalo nezilwane. Lapha singathola iziteshi ezahlukahlukene ezindaweni. Kukhona ubusika obunemvula, ihlobo elomile, ubusika obomile, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
- Ukuphakama: kungukuguquguquka okunquma uhlobo lwesilwane nohlobo lohlaza olungakhula. Ngokuya ngobude ungabona ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nezinye zezitshalo ezivumelane nalezi zimo.
Izinhlobo zeBiome
Emhlabeni jikelele kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-biomes ngokuya ngezici esizibalulile ngenhla. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
I-biome yasemhlabeni
Yilezo ezikhula ezindaweni zeplanethi ebusweni bomhlaba. Kubonakala ngesimo sezulu esithile, izitshalo nezilwane, kepha akumele kube nezinhlobo ezifanayo noma izinto eziphilayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-biomes:
- Ehlathini
- IBosque
- ishidi lombhede
- UMeadow
- ehlathini
- I-Tundra
- Ugwadule
- Isinyathelo
I-biome yasemanzini
Yilezo eziqukethe izindawo nezindawo zomhlaba ezigubuzelwe ngamanzi, izilwandle, izilwandle, imifula, amachibi noma yimuphi umthamo wamanzi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Ama-biomes wamanzi ahlanzekile: yilezo ezinemifudlana yemifula nemifudlana, eyaziwa njengemisinga ye-lotic, naleyo yamanzi amile njengamachibi namachibi lapho imisinga ibizwa ngokuthi i-lentic.
- Ama-biomes asolwandle: Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindawo lapho zehluka khona ngokuyisisekelo ngokujula lapho amanzi afinyelela khona kanye nebanga ukusuka ogwini. Sithola ama-biomes asolwandle we-littoral noma i-neritic lapho isici esiyinhloko kungukukhanya kwamanzi anikezwe ukujula kwawo okujulile nokuchichima kwezakhi. Olunye uhlobo yi-oceanic noma i-pelagic marine biome. Isici sayo esikhulu ukuba khona kwebhande elikhanyisiwe lapho kunezindawo ezinokujula okukhulu lapho ukukhanya kungafinyeleli khona. Ngoba kukhona izilwane nezitshalo eziguqulelwe ukungabi khona kokukhanya nomfutho ophakeme wamanzi.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-biomes asakazeka emhlabeni wonke lapho asungulwa khona ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okunikeza ukukhula kwezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukile. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-biome nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo.