IBiomass ingenye yezinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo nge ikusasa elikhulu namandla ezweni lethu, ngoba sinezindlela ezinhle zokuyikhiqiza: ezolimo, izinsizakusebenza zamahlathi… Kodwa-ke, sisekude namazinga afiselekayo nokuthi singasixhaphaza ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungani? Sikuphi?
Ngenhlanhla, i-biomass iya ngokuya ikhona endaweni yethu futhi inekusasa ethembisa kakhulu. Lokhu kubonakala emininingwaneni evela ku-AVEBIOM Biomass Observatory, esiyichaza ngezansi.
I-Biomass
Kepha okokuqala sizocacisa ukuthi aqukethe ini la mandla avuselelekayo. Esikubiza ngokuthi yi-biomass yizinto eziphilayo noma zezimboni ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelweko etholakala ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo yomlilo yalolu daba olufanayo. Imvamisa, i-biomass yenziwa ngezinto ezivela ezintweni eziphilayo noma izinsalela nezinsalela zazo. Kungakhiwa ngamaqabunga, imfucumfucu yokhuni, imfucumfucu njalonjalo.
Ukukuchaza ngendlela elula, uma umlimi esusa izinsalela zezitshalo zakhe bekulokhu kuyinkinga, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass kuyindlela yokuphuma, ngoba konke lokhu kudoti kungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ugesi, ezingeni lasekhaya noma lezezimboni. Imikhiqizo evela ku-biomass esetshenziselwa izinjongo zamandla ibizwa ngama-biofuels, futhi ingaqina (ngezinhloso ezishisayo nezikagesi) noma i-liquid (biofuels). Njengamanje kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe amandla avela ku-biomass ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kusuka kuzitshalo zamandla nokukhiqiza ukushisa kuya kuzicelo zethrafikhi nezokuthutha.
Ngokulandelayo sizobona amagrafu ahlukene, akhombisa ukuvela kwe ezintathu zezici eziyinhloko komkhakha wamandla: amandla alinganiselwa ku-kW, inani lokufakwa namandla akhiqizwa ku-GWh. Umthombo wedatha esetshenzisiwe yiwebhu ekhethekile emkhakheni: www.yerusa.es.
Yini i-Observatoriobiomasa.es?
La I-Spanish Association for Biomass Energy Valorization (AVEBIOM) idale le webhusayithi ngo-2016 ukuze letha idatha ye-biomass kanye nezilinganiso kubantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenhloso enkulu yokuletha ndawonye, endaweni eyodwa, ulwazi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-biomass eshisayo eSpain.
Ngenxa yedatha ye-AVEBIOM kanye nalezo ezinikezwe yiNational Observatory of Biomass Boilers kanye neBiofuel Price Index, ngaphezu kwe ukusebenzisana kwezinkampani nezinhlangano emkhakheni we-biomass, ingakhiqiza ukuvela, iqhathanise futhi inikeze idatha nezilinganiso.
Igrafu 1: Ukuvela kwenani lokufakwa kwe-biomass eSpain
Isibonelo esicacile sokuqhuma okukhulu kwalobu buchwepheshe yi- ukwanda kwenani lokufakwa yalolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Imininingwane yakamuva etholakalayo ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2015 bekukhona ukufakwa okungu-160.036 eSpain. Ukwanda kwamaphesenti angama-25 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Eminyakeni eyi-8 eyedlule, bekungekho ukufakwa okungu-10.000 kanti ngo-2015 besekudlulile ku-160.000, kusobala ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokwanda kwe-biomass ezweni lethu iqiniso eliqinisekisiwe futhi kubonakala ngokucacile.
Amabilisi
Siyakhumbula ukuthi lama-boilers asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla we-biomass kanye nokwenziwa kokushisa emakhaya nasezakhiweni. Basebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla okokubasa kwemvelo njengama-pellets ezinkuni, imigodi yeminqumo, izinsalela zehlathi, amagobolondo wamantongomane, njll. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukufudumeza amanzi emakhaya nasezakhiweni.
Igrafu 2: Ukuvela kwamandla alinganiselwa we-biomass eSpain (kW)
Umphumela ocacile wokwanda kwenani lokufakwa ukwanda kwamandla alinganisiwe.
Ingqikithi yamandla afakiwe alinganiselwa iSpain kwaba 7.276.992 kW ngo-2015. Uma uyiqhathanisa nesikhathi esedlule, inani lamandla afakiwe lenyuke ngama-21,7% uma kuqhathaniswa nango-2014, lapho isilinganiso se-kW besingaphansi nje kwezigidi eziyisithupha.
Njengoba kungabonakala kugrafu, ukwanda kwesisindo se-biomass kule metric kukhula kusuka indlela engaguquguquki eminyakeni edlule.
Ukukhula okutholwe ngamandla aphelele afakiwe kusuka ku-2008 kuya kwimininingwane yokugcina enikezwe ngo-2015 kube ngama-381%, isuka ku-1.510.022 kW iye ngaphezu kwe-7.200.000.
Igrafu 3: Ukuvela kwamandla okwenziwe eSpain (GWh)
Ukuqedela ngamagrafu, sizohlaziya ukuvela ngesikhathi se- iminyaka engama-8 edlule yamandla akhiqizwa yila mandla eSpain.
Njengamamethrikhi amabili wangaphambilini, ukukhula kuhlala njalo eminyakeni edlule 2015, nge-12.570 GWh, unyaka onevolumu ephezulu kakhulu ye-GWh. 20,24% ngaphezu kuka-2014. Ukwanda kwamandla okwenziwa yi-biomass kusukela ngo-2008 kube ngama-318%.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-biomass phakathi kwemithombo yamandla eyinhloko yezwe lethu kuyaqhubeka nokuqhubeka njalo. Ukubona kahle ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuhle bheka nje imininingwane yango-2008.
Ngaleso sikhathi kube nokufakwa okungu-9.556 okhiqize amandla alinganiselwa ku-3.002,3 GWh ngamandla alinganiselwa ku-1.510.022 Kw nango-2015, okokugcina idatha iyatholakala, inyuke yaya ku-12.570 GWh yamandla akhiqizwayo, ukufakwa okungu-160.036 no-7.276.992 Kw wamandla alinganisiwe.