Kunezilwane eziningi ezithathwa njengezingajwayelekile kulo mhlaba. Esinye sezilwane eziyivelakancane yi i-axolotl. Isilwane sasemanzini esatholakala eminyakeni engaba ngu-150 edlule futhi esinezici ezingakaze zibonakale kolunye uhlobo. Ivela emanzini aseMexico futhi inokubukeka komzimba okungajwayelekile. Into emangazayo ngalesi silwane yizo zonke izici zayo ezenza ukuthi sibe ngesinye sezilwane ezinelukuluku nelithakazelisayo ukufunda nokutadisha ngaso.
Kule ndatshana sizokukhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izici, indawo yokuhlala, ukondla nokuzala kwe-axolotl.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lesi silwane sinegama lesayensi le- I-Ambystoma mexicanum futhi kusesimweni esibucayi sengozi yokuqothulwa. Ingesinye sezilwane ezingase zinyamalale kungekudala. Sizobona izimbangela zokusongelwa kwabo kamuva.
Isici esiyinhloko salesi silwane nokuthi yini esenza sisivelele ukuthi sinakho amandla okuvuselela izitho zakho zomzimba, izitho zomzimba nezicubu obukade unqunyiwe ngaphambili. Lesi esinye sezici ezikhetheke kakhulu ezaziwa ngama-amphibians. Amandla ayo aze afinyelele nasezithombeni ezibalulekile njengobuchopho nenhliziyo. Ososayensi bayamangala ngamandla ayo amakhulu wokuvuselela amathambo, izinzwa noma izicubu emasontweni ambalwa. Okumangaza kakhulu ukuthi akushiyi imiphumela engemuva kwengozi okukhulunywa ngayo.
Phakathi kwezifundo ezizungeze lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholwe yisayensi. Futhi ukuthi i-axolotl ine-genome elandelanayo enkulu kunazo zonke etholwe kuwo wonke umlando. Uma sikuqhathanisa nofuzo lomuntu, siyabona ukuthi inani lalo lofuzo okungenani likhulu ngokuphindwe ka-100. Ingesinye sezilwane ezixaka kakhulu esilinganisweni cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30, kanti ubude baso ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Ngokuvamile sinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-60 kuya ku-230 amagremu, ngakho-ke sincane.
I-amphibian eyivelakancane kakhulu engaqhathaniswa nonozulane ngenxa yokufana kwayo ekubukekeni komzimba. Sigqamisa kalula amehlo aso amancane, umsila nesikhumba esibushelelezi ngokuphelele. Inemilenze futhi mincane kakhulu. Amazinyo mancane ngosayizi futhi ahlelwe ngemigqa.
Ukufakwa kombala kwe-axolotl nakho kukhetheke impela. Futhi ukuthi le pigmentation ingahluka kwezinye izibonelo ngokuya ngesimo semvelo lapho ikhula khona. Singathola ama-shades aqala kokumpunga, okumhlophe, i-albino, igolide, onsundu nomnyama, phakathi kokunye. Kuma-specimens amaningi, kunombala onsundu onsundu.
Incazelo ye-axolotl
Lesi silwane sinamabhangqa amathathu emiphunga amise okwensiba futhi avela ngaphansi kwekhanda laso. Zitholakala ngemuva. Esinye sezici zayo ezihlaba umxhwele ukuthi iyakwazi ukugcina ukubukeka kwayo kwesibungu kuze kube sesigabeni sabantu abadala. Lokho wukuthi, kukho konke ukuphila kwabantu ngabanye kunikeza isithombe sokuthi kusamele baqhubeke nokuthuthuka. Noma kunjalo, kungukubonakala kwayo kokugcina. Yize bekhule ngokugcwele futhi sebekhulile futhi sebekhulile ngokocansi, basenokubonakala kwesibungu. Abathathwa njengezilwane eziyingozi, ngokuphambene nalokho. I-axolotl inesimo esivamile sokuzola. Impilo yayo ende ivame ukufika eminyakeni eyi-15. Konke kuncike ezimweni zemvelo lapho itholakala khona kanye nezenzo zomuntu.
Indawo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo
Lesi silwane sitholakala ezindaweni ezihlala amanzi ahlanzekile. Zihlukile kwamanye ama-salamanders ngoba ziyakwazi ukuhlala emanzini ngokuqhubekayo. Ungayinika le mayini yezilwane njengesilwane sasemanzini ngokugcwele. Ziyizilwane ezingaphila kahle ekuthunjweni, yize zidinga izimo ezanele zokushisa, amanzi, ukukhanya nezinye izinto ezihambelana nezidingo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Uma ukunakekelwa kulungile, bangahlala ezindaweni zasemanzini ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu uphatha lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile futhi anciphise inani labantu ngendlela engazinzile. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-axolotl inwebela emanzini eSigodi saseMexico, yize okwamanje kuneLake Xochimilco kuphela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlehla kwayo kubantu ngenxa yemisebenzi ehlukile engemihle.
Ukudla kwe-Axolotl
Lesi silwane siyondla ebusuku, ngoba kufanele ukuthi silele. Ukufuna ukudla kwabo basebenzisa umuzwa wabo wokudla. Njengoba zinamazinyo amancane kakhulu, lesi silwane asikwazi ukuhlafuna. Ngakho-ke, ayikwazi ukuchoboza isisulu sayo kodwa kufanele ikumunce. Ekudleni kwabo bavame ukufaka ukudla okwehlukile. Endaweni yayo yemvelo siyabona ukuthi ukudla kwayo kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans afana nama-acociles, ama-mollusks, izibungu, ama-fry amancane nezibungu zezinambuzane.
Lapho besekuthunjweni bondliwa imisundu, izingcezu ezincane zenyama ye-turkey, inkukhu noma inhlanzi kanye nezinye izibungu. Iqiniso elifunekayo lokwondla lezi zilwane ukuthi uma zincane zondla nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba bekhula futhi befinyelela ebudaleni baba yizilwane zondla phakathi kuka-2 no-4 izikhathi ngeviki.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-axolotl
Lesi silwane singagcinwa sisesimweni saso sobusha kukho konke ukuphila kwaso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma inezici zesibungu ingafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva Izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-18 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi ukuqomisana kuyaqala. Le nqubo yokuqomisana iqala lapho ulwandle lubamba ukunakwa kowesifazane ngemuva kokuhlohla umsila wakhe ku-cloaca yomlingani wakhe. Kamuva bobabili badansa emibuthanweni.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda angama-200 kuye kwangama-300 ku-clutch ngayinye. Bahlala otshanini obuzungeze indawo abahlala kuyo futhi banamathela emadwaleni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-14 ziyaqandusela.
Izilwane eziyinhloko ezidla i-axolotl ezinye zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, phakathi kwazo esithola i-carp ne-tilapia.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-axolotl nezici zayo.