Ukuze kuqondiswe imikhandlu yamadolobha ukudala izinqubomgomo ezincike ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwesikhathi eside, amathuluzi abiziwe Ajenda 21 o Uhlelo 21. Lawa mathuluzi adalwa eNdebeni yoMhlaba Yezemvelo Nentuthuko Eqhubekayo ehlelwe yi-United Nations eRio de Janeiro (eBrazil) ngo-1992, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Earth Summit. Isinyathelo esikhulu salawa mathuluzi ukuthi intuthuko esimeme ingakhiwa ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zikwazi ukusizakala ngemithombo yemvelo njengoba senza namuhla.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi nge-Agenda 21, ukuthi yenzelwe ini, imvelaphi yayo nokuthi ifundiswa kanjani emadolobheni.
Umsuka we-Agenda 21
Ukwenza lokho manje okwaziwa nge-Agenda 21, i-UN ibambe iqhaza lapho Kusayinwe amazwe ayi-172 azibophezela ukusebenzisa yonke imigomo yezemvelo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo ezingeni lendawo ukuze liqondiswe entuthukweni esimeme. Zonke izifunda nezindawo kumele zenze i-Ajenda Yasendaweni yazo 21. Ngamanye amazwi, umasipala ngamunye ukhululekile ukwakha imithethonqubo ezingeni lendawo maqondana nemvelo nokongiwa kwemithombo yemvelo.
Lezi zimpawu zinqunywa uhlobo lomnotho oluvelele kumasipala ngamunye, umhlaba otholakala ngemisebenzi ehlukene yezomnotho, ubukhona bezimboni, ubukhulu bezokuvakasha, njll. Ngokuya ngomnotho kamasipala, zonke izinqubomgomo kumele zenziwe okuhloswe ngayo ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme nokunempilo okufakwe kwi-Ajenda Yasendaweni 21.
Ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele, lingabonwa njengecebo elisetshenziswayo ezingeni lendawo kepha elibandakanya imikhakha yemiphakathi yonke. Uma sikhuluma nge-Agenda 21 asibhekiseli kuphela ekulondolozweni okulungile kwemvelo kanye nemithombo yemvelo, kepha kusebenza nasezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi wonke esizithola sikuyo. imikhakha yezenhlalo, ezomnotho, amasiko nezemvelo.
Ngamafuphi, singasho ukuthi i-Ajenda 21 ayikho nje into ngaphandle kokuzibophezela ekwenzeni ngcono imvelo, ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwekhwalithi yempilo yabakhileyo emphakathini, kumasipala noma esifundeni.
Izinjongo eziyinhloko
Izinhloso eziyinhloko ezilandelwe yileli thuluzi zizame ukumboza izici ezi-3 eziyisisekelo: ukusimama kwemvelo, ubulungiswa kwezenhlalo nokulinganisela kwezomnotho. Kusobala ukuthi kulezi zinsika ezintathu eziyisisekelo okumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo, ukumelana nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi. Noma sifuna ukwakha i-Ajenda 21 esimeme ngokuphelele, uma kungekho ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi, noma ngabe kuhlelwe kahle, ngeke ibe khona indlela ephumelelayo yokubeka imikhawulo emandleni omphakathi nomehluko okhona emphakathini naku izinhlangano ezizimele.
Konke lokhu kungaholela ezingxabanweni ezehlukene zenhlalo eziholela kwezinye izinkinga zomnotho nezemvelo. Phakathi kwezingqinamba ezinkulu ezibhekiswe yi-Local Agendas yomasipala baseSpain, kukhona ezinye eziqinile kunabanye. Sizohlaziya izinhloso eziyinhloko ezihlaziywa kulawa mathuluzi:
- Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya.
- Ukuhlela nokuhlelwa kwensimu.
- Ukuncishiswa kokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokulwa nobugwadule nesomiso.
- Ukwenza ngcono nokwethulwa kwentuthuko esimeme ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
- Ukukhuthazwa kwezolimo emvelweni kanye nomthelela ophansi kanye nentuthuko esimeme ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
- Ukongiwa kwemvelo.
- Ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle nezilwandle.
- Ukuvikelwa kwamabhishi namabhishi.
- Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kwemithombo yamanzi amasha.
- Ukuphathwa okunengqondo kwamakhemikhali anobuthi nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwawo.
- Ukwenza ngcono ukuphathwa kwemfucuza enobungozi kanye nemisebe ye-radioactive.
- Ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo ezingcono zokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile.
Yonke le migomo ingatholakala cishe kunoma imuphi umphakathi osebenzisa uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa okusimeme nge-Local Agenda 21. Ukuze lokhu kube nomthelela omuhle ezingeni lezemvelo, kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho, ukubamba iqhaza kwamabutho ezenhlalo abawenzayo kuyadingeka. Ukuze konke lokhu kube nengqondo kunendlela okumele yenziwe. Iphuzu elilandelayo sizochaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi yiziphi izimiso eziyisisekelo nendlela yokusebenza.
Izimiso ze-Ajenda 21
Lapho sesibonile zonke izinhloso ezilandelwa yileli thuluzi ngokwemvelo, sihlaziya izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezinconywayo lapho kusetshenziswa yonke le migomo eyisisekelo. Sizozihlaziya ngamunye ngamunye:
- Ukuyekethisa kwezepolitiki: Kubalulekile ukuthi yonke imibhalo esayiniwe ingaphansi kokuzibophezela kwezepolitiki lapho kumenyezelwe khona inhloso yokukhuthaza ukusimama kumasipala.
- Ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi: Ukuze izakhamizi zibambe iqhaza futhi, ngakho-ke, zikwazi ukufeza kahle zonke izinhloso ze-Ajenda 21, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nezinsimbi ukuze izakhamizi zibambe iqhaza. Abagcini nje ngokubamba iqhaza njengezibukeli nje kodwa futhi babamba iqhaza ekulungisweni nasekubhaleni imibhalo.
- Ukuxilongwa: ukuxilongwa kwazo zonke izinkinga zokusimama kufanele kwenziwe. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi umasipala ngamunye unezinkinga ezehlukile kunalezo umphakathi othile obhekene nazo.
- Ukulungiswa kwezenzo: Kufanele uhlele uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela nazo zonke izinhloso namasu azosetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono izivivinyo okufanele zisikwe.
- Ukubulawa: Uma wonke amasu esenziwe, okusele ukwenza izenzo. Lezi zenzo zichazwe ngohlelo lwezenzo oluzoqala konke.
- Ukuhlola: akukho okwenziwayo okudinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi ngabe izinhloso sezifezekile yini.
Yize ekuboneni kuqala kubonakala kulula, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungabonakala ukuthi izinhloso akuvamile ukuthi zifezeke kalula. Ukuze yonke into ihlale kahle kudingeka kube noxhaso lwezepolitiki oluzinzile nolunentshisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlelo lwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi lithembele kosekelo lwezezimali. Ekugcineni, ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi nokusebenzisana kungenye yezinsika ezihluleka kakhulu kulezi zimo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Agenda 21.