Uma sikhuluma ngezindawo zemvelo kumele sifunde ayini ama-ecosystems. Ama-ecosystem anezici zawo ezihlukile futhi athuthuka kuye ngendawo ezungezile. Ngenxa yalezi zici, izilwane nezitshalo zingathuthuka ukuze zikwazi ukuphila endaweni ezungezile. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ecosystem futhi ngayinye yazo inezici ezihlukile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini i-ecosystem, yiziphi izici zayo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona.
Ayini ama-ecosystems
Zonke izingxenye eziyingxenye ye-ecosystem zilingana kahle, okuholela ekuzwaneni. Kokubili izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili zinemisebenzi, futhi akukho lutho "olungasebenzisi" endaweni yemvelo. Singacabangela izinambuzane ezithile ezicasulayo "ezingenamsebenzi". Kodwa noma kunjalo, zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zifaka isandla ebungqamuzaneni nasekusebenzeni kwendawo ezungezile.
Futhi, hhayi lokho kuphela, ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili zenza uMhlaba njengoba siwazi namuhla. Isayensi inesibopho sokutadisha zonke izici ezakha i-ecosystem, noma ngabe eyemvelo noma eyomuntu. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi umuntu wenze ingxenye enkulu yezindawo ikoloni, ukwethulwa kwakhe ezifundweni ze-ecosystem kuwukuhluka okubalulekile.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ecosystems ezihlukene ngemvelaphi yazo kanye nezinhlobo zezindawo nezinhlobo ezihlala kuzo. Isici ngasinye esihlukile siyenza ikhetheke futhi ihluke. Singathola i-terrestrial, marine, i-ecosystem engaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezingapheli.
Ngaphakathi kohlobo ngalunye lwe-ecosystem, izinhlobo ezithile zihamba phambili, futhi ziye zaphumelela kakhulu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngakho-ke zikwazi ukulawula kangcono izinombolo nezindawo ukuthi ziphila futhi zanda kanjani.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kungacatshangelwa ekwakhiweni komhlaba ukuthi iningi le-ecosystem Zihlala emanzini njengoba umhlaba wakhiwe ngamanzi angu-3/4. Nokho, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zemvelo yasemhlabeni enezinhlobo eziningi. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zemvelo zaziwa ngumuntu ngoba azikude nezindawo zasemadolobheni.
Umuntu uzame ukwenza amakoloni kuzo zonke izindawo okungenzeka ukuthi uzenze, futhi ngenxa yalokho, wehlise izinga lemvelo elingenakubalwa.. Kungase kungabi bikho izwe elimsulwa emhlabeni wonke, njengoba siphawule iplanethi.
Kuma-ecosystem, sithola ukuthi izici ezimbili ezibalulekile kufanele zibhekwe. Okokuqala yizici ze-abiotic. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, yilezo I-ecosystem engaphili yenza bonke ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-ecosystem buphelele. Njengezinto eziphilayo singathola i-geology kanye nesimo sezulu sezwe, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, amanzi kanye nesimo sezulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola izici ze-biotic. Lezi yizingxenye ezinokuphila njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo, izilwane, amagciwane, isikhunta, amagciwane kanye ne-protozoa. Zonke lezi zici zihambisana ngokwalokho okudingwa indawo ezungezile nokuthi yini engcono kakhulu ukuze ukuphila kuqhubeke izigidi zeminyaka. Yilokhu okubizwa nge-ecological balance. Ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwengxenye ngayinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-abiotic noma i-biotic, ye-ecosystem inobhalansi ukuze yonke into ivumelane.
Uma ibhalansi yemvelo ye-ecosystem iphazamisekile, izolahlekelwa izici zayo futhi nakanjani izokwehlisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ukungcola.
Izinhlobo zemvelo
Uma sesifundile ukuthi i-ecosystem iyini nokuthi ziyini izici zayo, sizobona izinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona:
Isimo semvelo semvelo
Ziyinto imvelo eye yathuthukiswa ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Zinezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ngoba zisemhlabeni kanye nasemanzini. kulezi zindawo zemvelo kasinaki isandla somuntu, ngakho-ke sishiya ukuguqulwa kwayo kokwenziwa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ecosystem.
i-ecosystem yokwenziwa
Lezi zidalwe ngomsebenzi womuntu. lezi zindawo azinazo izindawo ezidalwe ngokwemvelo futhi zidalwe kakhulu ukuze zizuze ochungechungeni lokudla. Izinto ezenziwa abantu ziye zashintsha izimiso zemvelo, ngakho kwenziwa imizamo yokubuyisela lokho okuthiwa ukulingana kwemvelo ukuze kubuyiselwe ngaphambi kokuba kungenakugwenywa.
Okomhlaba
Yilawo ma-biomes akha futhi athuthuke ku- inhlabathi nomhlabathi ongaphansi. Zonke izici zalezi zindawo zinezici ezivelele nezincikeyo njengomswakama, ukuphakama, izinga lokushisa kanye nobubanzi.
Sithola amahlathi, omile, amahlathi ashisayo namahlathi. Siphinde sibe nezindawo eziwugwadule.
Amanzi amasha
Nazi zonke izindawo ezinamachibi nemifula. Singase futhi sicabangele ukuthi sinendawo ye-lotic ne-lentic. Eyokuqala yileyo mifudlana noma iziphethu akha ama-microhabitats ngenxa yama-unidirectional currents akhona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lentic yizindawo ezinamanzi angenawo imisinga. Angabuye abizwe ngokuthi amanzi amile.
Imvelo yasolwandle
Imvelo yasolwandle itholakala ngobuningi emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo kule planethi zaqala ukukhula olwandle. Ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinzile kakhulu ze-ecosystem ngenxa yobudlelwane obuseduze phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye eziyiqambayo. Yini enye, Kuthatha indawo enkulu ngendlela emangalisayo engacekelwa phansi ngesandla.
Noma kunjalo, izilwandle zomhlaba zihlushwa izenzo ezimbi zomuntu kanye nemithelela engemihle, njengokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukuchitheka okunobuthi, ukucishwa kwezixhobo zamakhorali nokunye.
Wentaba
Njengoba imvula ena ogwadule iphansi kakhulu, kanjalo nezitshalo nezilwane. Izinto eziphilayo kulezi zindawo zinamandla amakhulu okuphila ngenxa yezinkulungwane zeminyaka zokuzijwayeza. Kulokhu, njengoba ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane buncane, ziyizinqumo, ngakho-ke ibhalansi yemvelo ngeke ishintshwe. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlobo oluthile luthintwa kakhulu yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lomthelela wendawo, sizithola sinemiphumela enzima kakhulu yokubambisa.
Futhi, uma uhlobo olulodwa lwezilwane luqala ukunciphisa kakhulu amanani alo, sizothola ezinye eziningi zisengozini. Kulezi zindawo zemvelo sithola izitshalo ezijwayelekile njenge-cacti kanye nezihlahlana ezinamahlamvu amahle. Izilwane zihlanganisa ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane neziphakathi. Lezi yizinhlobo ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zindawo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-ecosystems nokuthi yiziphi izici zayo eziyinhloko.