Phakathi kwemvelo yemvelo ebaluleke kakhulu emvelweni kanye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo, kukhona amaxhaphozi. Umgomo waminyaka yonke uwukwenza abantu baqaphele isidingo sokuvikela lezi zimiso zemvelo eziyigugu. Ngakho-ke, i-2 February minyaka yonke i-World Wetlands Day. Ixhaphozi liwuhlelo lwendalo lapho umhlabathi ucwiliswa khona unomphela noma ngezikhathi ezithile emanzini. Lokhu kungenzeka ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile nakwezinye izindawo ezinosawoti othile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana namaxhaphozi, izici zawo kanye nokubaluleka kwawo.
Amaxhaphozi
I-ecosystem yemvelo enokulinganisela kwemvelo, esekelwe emhlabathini ovame ukugcwala noma unomphela. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zingavela ezindaweni lapho kunamanzi ahlanzekile noma anosawoti. Ngenxa yalezi zici, izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zingagcina inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukunikeza ingcebo yemvelo izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingenakulinganiswa.
IWorld Wetlands Day igcizelela ukubaluleka kwamaxhaphozi ngoba abalulekile ezimpilweni zethu ezisimeme esikhathini esizayo. Amaxhaphozi angaba yindalo noma enziwe abantu. Izinhlobo ezithile zamaxhaphozi emvelo zingakhula zibe amaxhaphozi, amanye amaxhaphozi nezindawo zawo ezingaseceleni komfula, ama-peatlands, njll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singakwazi Bona amaxhaphozi adalwe ngokwenziwa noma aguquliwe. Uma nje izimo zemvelo zivuma, zingabamba umswakama ngokuzenzela okwesikhashana naphakade.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo zamaxhaphozi akhiwe zakhiwa ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo engcupheni yokuqothulwa. Isetshenziselwa nezinjongo zokuvakasha ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zemvelo nokusiza ekusabalaliseni inani lokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Izinhlobo zamaxhaphozi
Ngenxa yokuthi la maxhaphozi anothe kakhulu, asephenduke amathuluzi abalulekile okuvikela imvelo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaxhaphozi, futhi ahlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwamanzi awakhayo kanye nezinye izici okufanele sizilandele. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaxhaphozi uhlobo lwamanzi. Sithola amaxhaphozi anamanzi ahlanzekile kanye namaxhaphozi anamanzi anosawoti. Singakwazi futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaxhaphozi emvelo kanye namaxhaphozi enziwe abantu.
Ngoba lezi zindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zicebile kakhulu, sezibe amathuluzi abalulekile okuvikela imvelo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaxhaphozi, futhi zihlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwamanzi azenzayo kanye nezinye izici okufanele sizilandele. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaxhaphozi uhlobo lwamanzi. Sithola amaxhaphozi anamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi anosawoti. Singahlukanisa futhi phakathi kwamaxhaphozi emvelo namaxhaphozi enziwe ngabantu.
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaxhaphozi:
- I-Fluvial wetland: Yindawo eyixhaphozi enezici zemvelo kanye nohlobo lwamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokuvamile zakhiwe imifula, imifudlana, nezimpophoma.
- Amaxhaphozi echibi: Akhiwa ngokusebenzisa amachibi kanye namanye amachweba emvelo amanzi ahlanzekile.
- Ama-palustres asezindaweni ezishisayo: Kubandakanya izindawo ezinemithombo emincane, izindawo ezivundile, izikhukhula, amahlathi amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi, namabhogi. Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwamaxhaphozi ukuthi wonke anemithombo yemvelo futhi amanzi masha.
- Amaxhaphozi asolwandle: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, zingamaxhaphozi emvelo, kepha akhiwa ngamanzi anosawoti. Zivame ukuvela ezindaweni ezingasogwini lapho ulwandle lungajulile khona, njengamabhishi anamadwala, anesihlabathi kanye nezinye izindawo ezinamatshe.
- Okwenziwe: Yilawo maxhaphozi akhiqizwa ngemisebenzi yomuntu ngenhloso yokugcina noma ukulawula umthamo othile wamanzi. Lapha singabona amadamu namadamu. Kungenzeka futhi babe nenhloso yokonga inani elithile noma izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezivikelwe.
- Izizalo zemifula: imifula eminingi yakha imifula ngaphambi kwemilomo yayo yokugcina futhi kwenziwa amanye amaxhaphozi. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuthi zakhiwe ngamanzi anosawoti avela emachwebeni futhi inemvelaphi yemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi iyakwazi ukwakha amaxhaphozi amanzi anosawoti noma izindawo zemihlume.
- Amaxhaphozi echibi lamanzi anosawoti: Kubukeka kufana kakhulu nalokho okwedlule, kepha amachibi namachibi omabili anama-brackish njengoba atholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini. Futhi banemvelaphi yemvelo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ama-ecosystem esiwabalule ngenhla kumele ahlangabezane nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezimo nezici zesisekelo sawo njengamaxhaphozi. Lezi izici eziyinhloko:
Amaxhaphozi yilawo zindawo zoguquko ezinezinguquko kancane kancane phakathi kwezinhlelo zemvelo zasemanzini kanye nezasemhlabeni. Kungashiwo ukuthi zithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo ezixubile njengoba zigcina izici zazo zombili. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungatholakala ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zigxile kakhulu kuma-ecosystems asemhlabeni kanti ezinye izinhlangothi izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zinezici ezivamile zemvelo yasolwandle. Isibonelo, sithola izindawo zezikhukhula ezijwayeleke kakhulu kuzinto eziphilayo zasolwandle futhi ezingaba zesikhashana futhi zibe unomphela. Zivame ukuvela okwesikhashana ezindaweni ezinemibhobho emincane futhi zikhukhula kalula uma lina kakhulu.
Amanzi amaxhaphozi kumele abe amanzi amile ngoba awakwazi ukuba nemisinga eminingi kakhulu. Zingaba nemisinga emincane kuphela futhi zakhiwe ngamanzi amasha noma anosawoti. Zingahlanganisa futhi izindawo ezincane zolwandle ezinokujula okuthile. Ngokuvamile, umphumela we-tidal ngokuvamile awubi kakhulu. Into evamile kakhulu ukuthi umphumela awudluli amamitha angu-6 womehluko.
Umngcele wamaxhaphozi ngokuvamile unqunywa uhlobo lwezitshalo ezikhona endaweni ngayinye. Izimila ezivelele ziyi-hydrophilic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zivame ukukhula futhi zikhule kahle emanzini. Umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimila ezimele umngcele wendawo engamaxhaphozi engeyona i-hydrophilic. Kulapha lapho i-ecosystem eyodwa iphela khona kanti enye iqala ngezici ezijwayelekile ngokuphelele ze-ecosystem yasemhlabeni.
Amaxhaphozi ayizindawo ezikahle zokuhlala kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukene. Izinyoni ezifudukayo ziningi njengoba zikwazi ukudla futhi ziphumule ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi emhlabeni jikelele. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukulala ubuthongo futhi zibe nentsha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungathola futhi inani elikhulu lezitshalo nezilwane ezifana izilwane ezincelisayo, ezihlala emanzini, ezihuquzelayo, izinhlanzi nezinambuzane.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo kwamaxhaphozi
Amaxhaphozi ayisistimu yemvelo evikelekile ngesizathu. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi badlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwemvelo. Bayakwazi ukugcina inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi izitshalo ezithembele emanzini ziyakhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wengeze inani lomuntu. Amaxhaphozi angakha izindawo zokukhiqiza ukudla ezidinga amanzi amaningi ukuze kulinywe njengezilimo zerayisi.
Ezinye izici zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukugcina umswakama njengoba unjalo. ukulawulwa komjikelezo we-hydrological ohlanganisa indawo engaphezulu nama-aquifers. Amaxhaphozi abamba iqhaza elikhulu ekulawuleni ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokulawula ukuhamba kwamabhayisikili okunomsoco. Lezi yizizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani amaxhaphozi amaningi abe nohlelo lokuvikela oluthathwa njengendawo yokulondoloza imvelo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ayini amaxhaphozi nokuthi kubaluleke ngani.