Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, lezi zilwane ezingenamgogodla zingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, njengoba zidinga amazinga okushisa afudumele ukuze zikhule futhi zikhule. Izimvemvane, eziyingxenye yezinambuzane ze-holometabolous, zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo "eziphakeme" ngenxa yochungechunge lwazo oluphawulekayo lwezinguquko phakathi nomjikelezo wabo wokuphila, oluzihlukanisa emhlabeni wezinambuzane. Namuhla sizokutshela ezinye zazo amaqiniso amangalisayo kanye nelukuluku mayelana nezimvemvane.
Uma ufuna ukwazi amaqiniso angcono kakhulu kanye nelukuluku mayelana nezimvemvane, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Izici zezimvemvane
Izici ezingokomzimba zalezi zidalwa, kuhlanganise nokuhlukaniswa kwemizimba yazo ibe izingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene (ikhanda, ithorax, nesisu), zizibeka esigabeni se-arthropod kanye nezinye izinambuzane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Amaphiko awo ahlaba umxhwele ahlotshiswe ngamazenga awahlukanisa njengama-lepidopteran, okwandisa uzungu lwawo.
Ukubukeka kwalezi zidalwa kunencazelo eyingqayizivele. Njengezinambuzane eziningi, zingena ohambweni lokuguqula olwaziwa ngokuthi i-metamorphosis. Nokho, uhambo lwaso lubonakala ngezigaba eziningi zokukhula ezihlukene: iqanda, isibungu, i-chrysalis (isivikelo sesibungu, esibizwa ngokuthi i-pupa kwezinye izinambuzane), kanye ne-imago (isiteji sabantu abadala). Kuzo zonke lezi zigaba ezahlukahlukene, umuzwa wakho wemvelo, ukuziphatha, namazinga omsebenzi kuba nezinguquko ezibalulekile nezihlukile.
Amaqiniso amangazayo kanye nelukuluku mayelana nezimvemvane
Basebusuku
Nakuba kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi izimvemvane ziyasebenza emini, okwenza ukubukeka kwazo kubonakale kakhudlwana, iqiniso liwukuthi iningi lalezi zidalwa ezinhle empeleni zisebusuku, futhi ukuzithola ngesikhathi sasemini kumane nje kumane kuzenzekele.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Uma kuziwa esikhathini sokuphila, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimvemvane eziningi zinesikhathi sokuphila esingamaviki angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 kuphela, nakuba kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimvemvane aziphili isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uvemvane i-monarch, okuwuhlobo oludumile nolujwayelekile, lugqama ukuphila kwalo okuhlaba umxhwele cishe kwezinyanga ezingu-10, okulwenza lube olunye lwezimvemvane eziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ukudla
Izimvemvane zithembele ngokuyinhloko ekudleni okuwuketshezi ezikuthola nge-proboscis yazo, isakhiwo esimise okolimi, esizivumela ukuba zimunce umpe ezimbalini namanzi angaphakathi ezitshalweni.
Ivemvane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni
Uvemvane olukhulu, olutholwe ekujuleni kwaseNew Guinea, lunesihloko esithi uhlobo lwalo olukhulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo. Ngamaphiko ahlaba umxhwele afinyelela ku-31 cm, lesi sidalwa esihle kakhulu sibizwa ngokuthi i-Ornithoptera Alexandrae. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ezinsikazi zalolu hlobo ziyedlula ezazo zesilisa ngosayizi.
izinhlobo uvemvane
Izimvemvane, ezinengqikithi emangalisayo yezinhlobo ezingu-165.000 ezihlonziwe, zithatha inani lesibili ngobukhulu lezinhlobo ezaziwayo eqenjini elilodwa, ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka okuphawulekayo. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngemindeni engu-127 kanye nemindeni engama-46.
Izici eziyingqayizivele zamaphiko ayo
Amaphiko ezimvemvane athambile anekhwalithi esobala, Nokho, singabona imibala yayo egqamile futhi ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokuba khona kwezikali ezincane ezinikeza isivikelo futhi zibonise ukukhanya. Lezi zikali zisiza futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wovemvane lilawulwa.
Isivinini
Ijubane layo lokundiza liphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-8 no-20 ngehora.
Umbono
Ukubona uvemvane kungase kungenakuqhathaniswa, kodwa ngokungenakuphikwa kuyamangalisa. Banekhono lokubona imibala namaphethini okukhanya okungaphezu kwamandla eso lomuntu. Ukwengeza, benza kahle kakhulu ekulandeleleni izinto ezihambayo, ngisho nezihamba ngokushesha, futhi banekhono elimangalisayo lokubona ukukhanya kwe-polarized kanye ne-ultraviolet.
Ibanga lokushisa
Izimvemvane zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphakeme njalo, njengoba zingakwazi ukuphila ezindaweni ezibandayo. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lezimvemvane ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-27ºC no-38ºC.
I-Patas
Wake wazibuza ukuthi iyini injongo yemilenze yovemvane? Kuyamangaza ukuthi izimvemvane zinezinzwa zokunambitha ezisemilenzeni yazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma befuna ukuthola ukuthi into edliwayo noma ekhangayo, basebenzisa imilenze yabo ukuze baxhumane nesitshalo.
Badla udaka
Ukusetshenziswa kodaka kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile phakathi kwabo. Udaka lubanikeza usawoti wamaminerali abalulekile ahambisana kahle nokudla kwabo.
Amancane namaqanda
Inani lamaqanda uvemvane elingawakhiqiza ngesikhathi esisodwa liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni. Nokho, Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi umkhawulo ongaphezulu ungamaqanda angama-500. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuwona wonke la maqanda achanyuselwa ngempumelelo abe izimvemvane ezindala.
izilwane ezidla ezinye
Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye ziwusongo kuzo, okuhlanganisa, kodwa kungagcini lapho, iminyovu, izintuthwane, izinyoni, izinyoka, amaxoxo, amagundane, izibankwa, ojekamanzi, izinkawu kanye namaxoxo ngezikhathi ezithile, izicabucabu kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezimpukane.
I-Camouflage
Isizathu esenza kube nzima ukuzingela kungenxa yobungcweti babo bokucasha obukhethekile. Laba bantu banethalente elimangalisayo lokuhlanganisa ngokuphelele endaweni ebazungezile, kuze kube yilapho bebonakala bengabonakali.
Imibala
Imibala ehlaba umxhwele evezwa yilezi zilwane ayihloselwe ukumane ibukiswe, kodwa iyasebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezingase zihlasele. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo ezithile zisebenzisa amaphethini afana neso (njengovemvane lwesikhova), kanti ezinye Baqhosha ngemibala egqamile njengesixwayiso esidukisayo sobuthi babo okuthiwa buyingozi.
Izinga lokushisa eliphelele lokundiza
Izimvemvane zidinga izinga lokushisa elithile elingu-29,4ºC ukuze ikwazi ukuphakamisa amaphiko ayo futhi indiza. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, azikwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo, ngakho ngokuzenzekelayo zidonsela ekufudumaleni kwelanga lapho kubanda futhi zifuna indawo yokukhosela ethunzini lapho kushisa.
Umzimba wokuzivikela
Njengendlela yokuzivikela, izinhlobo ezithile zezibungu zinesakhiwo sokuzivikela emakhanda azo esikhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu. Lesi sitho esimangalisayo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-osmeterium, sisebenza ukuvimbela izilwane ezingase zizidle.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namaqiniso amangalisayo kanye nezinto ezithokozisayo mayelana nezimvemvane nokuthi ufunde okuthile.