Ubuchwepheshe emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo buyathuthuka. Siyazi ukuthi amandla elanga nawomoya yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukisa amaphaneli elanga esobala ukuze bakwazi ukuzibeka emafasiteleni futhi banwebe ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi ama-solar panels abonakalayo, izici zawo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi nokunye okuningi.
Ayini amaphaneli elanga asobala
Amaphaneli elanga asobala ubuchwepheshe obusha obuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezisobala. Lawa maphaneli aklanyelwe ukuthi angabonakali ngangokunokwenzeka, izenze zilungele ukusetshenziswa kumafasitela, usilingi nezinye izindawo ezidinga ubuhle obuhlanzekile, besimanje.
Lobu ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke bangakhiqiza inani elibalulekile lamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wabo. Zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi zimelana nesimo sezulu esibi nezinye izingozi zemvelo. Uma ehlanganiswe nezinto ze-electrochromic, lawa maphaneli angakwazi futhi ukulungisa inani lokukhanya elingena endaweni, okusiza ukunciphisa inani lamandla adingekayo ukuze kukhanye isikhala phakathi nosuku.
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko zamaphaneli elanga asobala sinokulandelayo:
- Bamunca ukukhanya njengamaphaneli welanga we-photovoltaic wendabuko, kodwa azikho izingxenye ezibonakalayo, ngakho awekho amaphaneli amakhulu noma izintambo ezilenga endlini. Bangahamba bengabonwa nhlobo.
- Zinamandla kakhulu ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amandla elanga, ngoba zingasebenza nganoma yikuphi ukuthambekela.
- Angabonakala nhlangothi zombili.
- Bangakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi ngisho nangezinsuku ezinamafu, okungenye yezici eziyinhloko uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaneli elanga endabuko.
- Angakwazi ukushumeka lapho akha indlu noma isakhiwo.
Indlela amaphaneli elanga asebenza ngayo
Lawa maphaneli akhiwe ngezingqimba ezincane zengilazi ezivumela ukukhanya kudlule kalula, njengoba kwenzeka ngengilazi noma amafasitela avamile. Izinto ezifana ne-Indium Tin Oxide (TIO) zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kwayo futhi, vele, into eyinhloko ingilazi.
Njengamanje, ingilazi ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu: itholakala kukho konke, kusuka ezikrinini zefoni ephathekayo kuya kumabhilidi. Manje, ake sicabange ukuthi bekungaba njani uma le nto ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi. Eqinisweni, yilokhu ikusasa elikufunayo, amaphaneli elanga asobala angakhiqiza futhi agcine amandla noma yikuphi ngengilazi.
Basebenza ngendlela efanayo namaphaneli e-photovoltaic. Ngalo mqondo, zihlanganiswe nesethi yezinto ze-semiconductor eziguqula amandla atholakele abe ugesi.
Izinzuzo zokuzisebenzisa
Kunezinzuzo eziningi ezikhona kulolu hlobo lwamaphaneli ngokuphathelene nendabuko. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi eziyinhloko:
- Amaphaneli elanga akhanyayo alungele ukufakwa ezindaweni zamadolobha amakhulu. Lezi zindawo zizozuza kakhulu, njengoba zizokwazi ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ngaphandle kokushintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zazo.
- Zidinga isikhala esincane samahhala sokufakwa.
- Uma siyiqhathanisa namaphaneli welanga we-photovoltaic wendabuko, izindleko zayo zokufaka ziphansi kancane.
- Baneminyaka efinyelela kwengama-25 besebenza.
- Yehlisa ukushisa okuvela emisebeni yelanga.
- Bangakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomthunzi ngoba bangasebenzisa nokukhanya kokwenziwa.
- Ivimbela imisebe ye-UV ukuthi ithinte isikhumba sabantu futhi inciphise ukuchayeka elangeni.
- Amandla angagcinwa kumaseli e-photovoltaic.
- Abadwebi bezakhiwo banenkululeko ethile yokuwahlanganisa emiklamo yabo.
- Zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi ngenxa yalokho zinciphisa ukungcola okusemkhathini womhlaba.
nebubi
Kuyacaca ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo emisha izoba nezinzuzo zayo, kodwa futhi nemibi. Akukho lutho oluguquguqukayo olungenazo izici ezimbi. Ake sihlaziye ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga eziyinhloko:
- Kusasele okungenani iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuthi silethe lolu hlobo lwephaneli emakethe ngezinga elikhulu.
- Inguqulo yamanje yephaneli yelanga ekhanyayo isebenza kahle ngo-1% futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ukusebenza kahle okungu-5% maduze. Nokho, lokhu kuphansi impela, uma siqhathanisa amaseli elanga ajwayelekile e-photovoltaic anenani eliphakeme elingu-7%.
- Angaba nesandla egebeni elikhulu phakathi kwamazwe antekenteke ngokomnotho namazwe asathuthuka.
- Zidinga ukulungiswa okuphezulu njengoba zikwazi ukuqoqa uthuli kalula.
- Ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle njengoba amaphaneli eba obala kakhulu.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa
Ukusetshenziswa kwalawa maphaneli kuye kwasabalala nasemkhakheni wezolimo. Lapha zingasetshenziswa ukumboza izakhiwo ezibamba ukushisa, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezihambayo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezakhiwo ezikhulayo. Ngokufaka amaphaneli elanga asobala kulezi zakhiwo, abalimi bangakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo futhi banciphise ukuthembela kwabo emithonjeni yamandla engavuseleleki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli elanga abonisa ngale aphinde anikeze izinzuzo zezitshalo. Ngokuvumela ukukhanya kwelanga kungene esakhiweni sokukhula, banganikeza ukukhanya kwemvelo kwezitshalo, okuzuzisa ukukhula kwezitshalo nempilo. Zingasiza futhi ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingapheli ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ukudala indawo ekhulayo ezinzile nokuvikela izitshalo ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Amaphaneli elanga akhanyayo kumafasitela
Enye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva ibizwa ngokuthi amafasitela elanga. Inkampani yaseMelika i-New Energy Technologies ithuthukise amafasitela asetshenziswa njengamaphaneli elanga e-photovoltaic. Le nkampani idale upende owuketshezi ongasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indawo esobala ukuze isetshenziswe kumafasitela ukuze kwakheke amaphaneli elanga akhanyayo.
Yakhiwe ngezinto ezifana i-carbon, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen ne-oxygen, ukumbozwa kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli amancane we-organic photovoltaic. I-cladding ithwebula amandla elanga ngokumunca amandla okukhanya ngama-conductor anamathiselwe kufreyimu yewindi.
Ngenxa yalaba baqhubi, amandla angakhishwa futhi agcinwe kumaseli e-photovoltaic. Lawa mandla angaphinde axhumeke ngokuqondile kumadivayisi adla noma ahlinzeka ngamandla. Iwindi lelanga livimba imisebe ye-UV kuphela, ngakho isobala.
Kuyinto ehlala isikhathi eside njengoba umenzi wayo eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo iminyaka engu-25. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kunamathela kungakhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic hhayi ngokukhanya kwelanga kuphela, kodwa nasezimeni ezinomthunzi ngenxa yokukhanya okwenziwa. Konke lokhu kuklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle ngamabhilidi, izakhiwo nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezindlu.
Ngokusho kwalabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo, lokhu kusungulwa kungase kube semakethe cishe eminyakeni emibili futhi kungashintsha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindlini eziningi ezingasebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga okungena nganoma yiliphi iwindi ekhaya.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namaphaneli elanga asobala kanye nezici zawo.