Ngokusho kwe-CEO ye-International Energy Agency (IEA), uFatih Birol: I-Solar photovoltaic yayiqala ngqa ukuba ngumthombo wamandla amasha akhulayo Ngokushesha ngo-2016. I-ejensi ichaze idatha "njengezindaba ezinhle kakhulu".
Ekuhambiseni umbiko wakho wonyaka Kuvuselelwa 2017, UBirol uveze ukuthi "ngemuva kokuhlola zonke izinhlobo zikaphethiloli - uwoyela, igesi, amalahle, okuvuselelekayo - kanye nemithelela yazo ezimakethe zamandla, leyo egxile ezinhlelweni ezivuselelekayo izindaba ezinhle kakhulu embonini".
Amandla elanga
Ukuhlaziywa kwango-2016 kuveze ukuthi amandla amasha we-solar PV (photovoltaic) akhule ngo-50% nokuthi iChina kwakuyizwe lapho cishe ingxenye yalo yomthamo yayisetshenziswa khona. ukunwetshwa komhlaba. "Ngemuva kwendaba yempumelelo yokuvuselelwa, sithola abashayeli ababili abaphambili: ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kanye nokwenza ngcono ezobuchwepheshe," kusho umphathi.
Lapho ekhipha amaphuzu ayisisekelo ombhalo, uBirol wagcizelela ijubane amandla elanga e-PV akhula ngalo ngonyaka odlule, okwakudlula okokuqala ukukhula kweminye imithombo yamandla.
Ngokwalo mbiko, okuvuselelekayo kube cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamandla omthamo womhlaba womhlaba ngonyaka owedlule, cishe kuma-gigawatts ayi-165, futhi kuzoqhubeka nokuba nomthelela omuhle eminyakeni ezayo. Umbhalo ubulindele ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi ka-2022% ngaphambi kuka-43.
Eqinisweni, amandla elanga, abe eshibhile ngaphezu konyaka odlule ngaphezu kuka-75%, isivele ishibhile kunanoma iluphi olunye uhlobo lwamandla akhiqizwa ngamalahle, uwoyela noma igesi.
Konke lokhu kuhle, kepha akwenele. Uma amandla elanga efuna ukuba ngumdlali womhlaba jikelele, kufanele kube njalo inenzuzo enkulu kuneminye imithombo yamandla yesikhashana: Njengamanje sekuvele, ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni angaphezu kwama-50, amandla elanga angamandla ashibhe kunawo wonke.
Impi yamandla iseminyakeni engama-20 ngaphambili
Yize ngokujwayelekile sibheka intengo yokukhiqiza ngehora le-kilowatt ngayinye, leyo akuyona intengo ethakazelisa kakhulu yokutholwa yamandla avuselelekayo. Okungenani, kumongo ofana nowamanje lapho okuvuselelwa kungenayo imixhaso yokukhokhela imali.
Izinhlelo zamandla ezinezakhiwo ezinkulu ekutshalweni zenziwa ngeminyaka eminingana yokulindela, noma amashumi eminyaka. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukwamukelwa okuvuselelekayo kuhamba kancane: lapho isakhi senuzi, igesi, amalahle (noma olunye uhlobo) sekwakhiwe, akunakwenzeka ukusivala kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yaso. Ukube bekunjalo, ngokujwayelekile ukutshalwa kwemali bekungeke kutholakale, okuyinto engeke yenzeke ngenxa yezikhungo ezinkulu ezikhona laphaya.
Ngamanye amagama, uma sifuna ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwemakethe yamandla kuzovela kanjani, kufanele sibheke ukuthi kubiza malini ukuqala amandla ngamunye kusukela ekuqaleni. Inzuzo yesikhathi esifushane naphakathi yezitshalo zamandla ibalulekile esinqumweni sokugcina sosomabhizinisi nosopolitiki; Noma, ngenye indlela, amandla ashibhile ukukhiqiza futhi adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kakhulu awusoze wamukelwa.
Amandla elanga angancintisana nanoma ngubani
Ngokwemibiko eminingana evela emzimbeni ongaphezu koyedwa, embonini yamandla: «Amandla elanga angaxhaswanga aqala ukukhipha amalahle negesi yemvelo emakethe Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphrojekthi amasha elanga ezimakethe ezisafufusa abiza ngaphansi kunomoya.
Futhi, impela, cishe emazweni angama-XNUMX asafufusa intengo emaphakathi yokufakwa kwelanga kwakudingeka ukukhiqiza i-megawatt ngayinye sekuvele kwehlele ku- $ 1.650.000, ngaphansi kwe-1.660.000 izindleko zamandla omoya.
Njengoba sikwazi ukubona kwigrafu eyedlule, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kucace bha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazwe asafufusa, okuyiwona jikelele anenani elanda kakhulu ekukhishweni kwe-CO2.
Bathole indlela yoku khiqiza ugesi ngentengo yokuncintisana nangendlela evuseleleka ngokuphelele.
Amapaneli elanga asebenza ngokuqina okuphansi
Amandla elanga abelokhu enenkinga enkulu: inani lemisebe yelanga nemeteorology. Ezinsukwini ezinomoya, ezinamafu, zemvula noma zenkungu, inani lemisebe yelanga eshaya amaphaneli elanga lingaphansi. Ngakho-ke, inani lamandla iphaneli lelanga elikwaziyo ukukhiqiza lincane kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekungazinzi kokuphakelwa kwamandla.
Inhloso ukwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kokukhanya okuqondile uze ubone imisebe yelanga futhi futhi ukhiqize amandla anele, yize izimo zezulu yenza ukukhanya kube phansi.
Izinto ezintsha ezithatha ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi
Izinto ezikwaziyo ukumunca inani elikhulu lokukhanya kwelanga ilangabi i-LPP (ngesifinyezo sayo esiNgisini "phosphorus ehlala isikhathi eside") futhi ingagcina amandla elanga emini ukuze iqoqwe ebusuku.
Ukukhanya okubonakala kancane kuphela kungangena futhi kuguqulwe kube ugesi, kepha i-LPP Ingagcina amandla elanga kusuka ekukhanyeni okungagwinyiwe naseduze kwelambu lefoni. Lokho okungukuthi, okokusebenza okwazi ukufaka ukukhanya ngobubanzi obufana ne-infrared.
Siyakhumbula ukuthi umkhawulo wobubanzi be-electromagnetic obonwa ngabantu yisifunda esibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemisebe yama-wavelengths ahlukahlukene nokuqina okufana nemisebe ye-infrared.
Ngenxa yala mapaneli, inani elikhulu lamandla lingagcinwa hhayi kuphela elangeni eliqondile, kepha nezinye izifunda ze-electromagnetic spectrum nazo zingaguqulwa zibe amandla kagesi.