Sithi umthombo wamandla uvuseleleka, uma uvela emthonjeni wemvelo futhi ngeke uphele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlanzekile, ayingcolisi futhi inezinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Kunemithombo ehlukahlukene yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wethu. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, abantu bathole izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa amandla eplanethi yethu ngaphandle kokushintshela kwizibaseli futhi baqhubeke nokubhekana nemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze amandla avuselelekayo futhi angavuseleleki futhi ngayinye yazo inezici ezihlukile.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ukuthi yimaphi amandla amakhulu avuselelekayo futhi angavuseleleki emhlabeni.
Amandla avuselelekayo futhi angavuseleleki
Ama-biofuels
Lawa ngamafutha anguketshezi noma amagesi akhiqizwa ezintweni eziphilayo zezitshalo noma zezilwane. Luhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo angeke aphele futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba. Ngokusebenzisa la mafutha aluhlaza, singanciphisa ukuncika kwethu emafutheni futhi sinciphise nomonakalo odala imvelo. Phakathi kwama-biofuels abaluleke kakhulu, sithole i-biodiesel ne-bioethanol.
I-Biomass
Olunye uhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo amandla e-biomass. Kuyinto ephilayo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla. Iqoqa iqembu lezinto eziphilayo nge-heterogeneity nezimpawu zomthombo ohlukile. I-Biomass kungathathwa njengezinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa kuzinqubo zebhayoloji engasetshenziswa njengamandla.
Isibonelo, sithola ingxenye ephilayo yezinsalela zezolimo nezamahlathi, indle, indle yendle kanye nodoti oqinile wasemadolobheni. Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa amandla e-biomass.
Umoya
Ngokuyinhloko, lolu hlobo lwamandla lususelwa ekuqoqeni amandla e-kinetic anesisindo somoya futhi akhiqize ugesi kuwo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, Bekungumthombo wamandla asetshenziswa ngabantu ekunikeni amandla imikhumbi ehamba ngoseyili, ukugaya okusanhlamvu, noma ukupompa amanzi.
Namuhla, kusetshenziswa imishini yomoya ekhiqiza ugesi emoyeni. Ngokuya ngokuthi ushaya kanzima kangakanani, ungathola okungaphezulu noma okuncane. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamandla omoya, olwandle nolwasemhlabeni.
Amandla we-geothermal
Ngamandla agcinwe ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba ngendlela yokushisa. Iplanethi yethu igcwele amandla futhi singawasebenzisa la mandla ukukhiqiza ugesi. Kungumkhiqizo wamahora angama-24 ongaphazanyiswa, ongapheli, ongapheli, ongenakho nhlobo ukungcola.
Amandla olwandle
Kuyisethi yobuchwepheshe obungasebenzisa amandla olwandle. Kuya ngesimo sezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, amandla olwandle awanqandeki, kodwa futhi asebenzisa amandla kahle.
Amagagasi, amagagasi, imisinga yolwandle nokwehluka kwamazinga okushisa phakathi kobuso bolwandle kungasetshenziswa njengemithombo yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yayo ukuthi ayivezi imiphumela yezemvelo noma yokubuka okufanele siyicabangele.
Amandla we-Hydraulic
Amandla we-Hydraulic amandla asetshenziswa amandla e-kinetic omzimba wamanzi. Ngenxa yempophoma ebangelwe ukungalingani, amandla wamanzi angadudula imishini ekhiqiza ugesi. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lwalukhona umthombo oyinhloko womkhiqizo omkhulu kagesi kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Umsebenzi wakhe wenziwa izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, owaziwa njengomthombo wamandla onakekela imvelo kakhulu.
Amandla elanga
Isebenzisa amaphaneli elanga ukuguqula ngqo imisebe yelanga ibe amandla kagesi. Ngenxa yamaseli we-photovoltaic, imisebe yelanga ewela kuwo ingajabulisa ama-electron futhi yenze umehluko ongaba khona. Uma uxhuma amapaneli welanga ngaphezulu, kukhulu umehluko ongaba khona.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zamandla elanga ngaphandle kwe-photovoltaic njenge-solar energy thermal namandla we-solar thermoelectric energy. Amandla elanga ashisayo ayizinhlobonhlobo zamandla elanga futhi anesibopho sokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezishisayo zemikhakha yokwakha, yezimboni nezolimo. Lokhu kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusebenzisa amandla elanga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla elanga asebenzisa i-thermoelectric asebenzisa amalensi noma izibuko ezingagxilisa imisebe yelanga ezindaweni ezincane. Yile ndlela abangafinyelela ngayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngakho-ke baguqule ukushisa kube ugesi ngokusebenzisa uketshezi.
Amandla avuselelekayo nalawo angavuseleleki: izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zisetshenziselwa amandla. Ngamunye unezimpawu nemvelaphi ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, onke aqukethe amandla amaningi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
Nakhu okuyinhloko:
- Amaminerali carbon. Amalahle asetshenziswa kuma-locomotives. Ngokuyinhloko ikhabhoni itholakala kumadiphozi amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuyikhipha, kwakhiwa imayini lapho kukhishwa khona izinsizakusebenza.
- Amafutha. Kuyinhlanganisela yama-hydrocarbon amaningana esigabeni soketshezi. Yenziwe nokunye ukungcola okukhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto zokubasa ezahlukahlukene nemikhiqizo.
- Igesi yemvelo. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi igesi le-methane. Lo gesi uhambisana nengxenye elula kakhulu yama-hydrocarbon. Ngakho-ke, abanye abantu bathi igesi yemvelo inokungcola okuncane nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Ikhishwa emikhakheni kawoyela ngendlela yegesi yemvelo.
- Izihlabathi zetar nama shales kawoyela. Ziyizinto ezakhiwe yizihlabathi ezinosayizi oqukethe izinsalela ezincane zezinto eziphilayo. Le nto ephilayo yakhiwe ngezinto ezibolile ezinokwakheka okufana ncamashi nokawoyela.
- La amandla enuzi kubhekwa futhi njengohlobo lwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi. Ikhishwa njengomphumela wenyukliya ebizwa ngokuthi yi-nuclear fission. Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-nuclei yama-athomu asindayo njenge-uranium noma i-plutonium.
Zithathwa njengezingavuseleleki njengoba uwoyela utholakala emithonjeni yesisekelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okokusebenza okwakhiwe kungokwemvelo futhi kumbozwe yinzika. Ngokujula nangokujule kakhulu, ngaphansi kokucindezelwa koqweqwe lomhlaba, kuguqulwa kube ama-hydrocarbon.
Le nqubo ithatha izigidi zeminyaka. Ngakho-ke, yize uwoyela ukhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo, ukhiqizwa ngezinga elincane kakhulu esikalini somuntu. Yini enye, izinga lokusetshenziswa kukawoyela lishesha kakhulu kangangokuthi usuku lwalo lokusetshenziswa luhlelwe. Ekuphenduleni kokwakhiwa kukawoyela, amabhaktheriya e-aerobic aqala ukusebenza bese kuthi amabhaktheriya e-anaerobic avele kamuva, ajule. Lokhu kusabela kukhipha umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, nesibabule. Lezi zinto ezintathu ziyingxenye yamakhemikhali e-hydrocarbon aguquguqukayo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamandla avuselelekayo nalawo angavuseleleki.