Ama-Abiotic

Ezimweni zemvelo sithola izici abiotic ezakha ukwakheka komhlaba nezwe kanye nama-biotic okuyizinto "ezinikeza impilo". Ukuqonda ngendlela elula ukuthi ziyini izici ze-abiotic, kufanele siqale sazi i- izinhlobo zemvelo. Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zinobudlelwano obubalulekile nezici ze-abiotic ezikulungiselelayo.

Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici ze-abiotic nokuthi zizinakekela kanjani isimo semvelo? Lapha sichaza konke kuwe ngokuningiliziwe.

Isici se-Abiotic

Uma sihlaziya yonke imvelo, sithola ukuthi yakhiwe yiqembu lezinto eziphilayo nezinye izinto ezingaphili. Izinto eziphilayo yizo zonke ezakha izitshalo nezilwane ngakolunye uhlangothi nama-microorganisms namagciwane ngakolunye uhlangothi. Konke okunempilo kusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kuzici zemvelo.

Ngalokho, lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zisekelwa yizici ze-abiotic. Lezi yizinto ezingaphili ezakha izinto ezibonakalayo. Lezi zinto zibizwa nangokuthi yimithombo ebalulekile yezidalwa eziphilayo. Phakathi kwezici ze-abiotic sithola izinto ezingaphili, amadwala namaminerali, inani lesigameko ukukhanya kwelanga, amanzi, umoya-mpilo nanoma iyiphi into engaphili. Izinto eziphilayo zingasebenzisa lezi zinto ukuze ziphile futhi zikhule.

Isibonelo, umandlalo lapho kunemifantu lapho kuhlala khona ubulembu obuthile kuthathwa njenge-ecosystem encane. Le microecosystem yakhiwa lichen njengesici se-biotic nedwala njenge-abiotic factor. Ukuthi i-abiotic factor ayinayo impilo akusho ukuthi iguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ukuthi iguqula ukwakheka kwayo.

Ake sithi idwala lichitha isikhathi eside livezwe umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okushisa, ekuweni kweqhwa, ukuguguleka okuqinile, umoya, njll. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka neminyaka, idwala lizoqhekeka, lihambe, ligugule, liqhekeze, njll. Futhi ngokuya nge-substrate lapho ikhoyo nokusebenza kwezidalwa ezahlukahlukene eziphila kuyo, kungashintsha ukwakheka kwayo. Isibonelo, imvula ye-calcium carbonate kuma-stalactites nama-stalagmites.

I-biocene ne-biotope

Ukuze kungabikho ubunzima obukhulu ekuqondeni umqondo we-abiotic, sizokwengeza ukwahlukana okucacile ngokungeza imiqondo emibili ezokwenza kucace ukuthi kuyini.

• Biocene: konke kuyizinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ku-ecosystem. Izimila, izilwane, isikhunta kanye namagciwane.
• I-Biotope: zonke ziyizici zezinto ezingaphili ze-ecosystem. Umoya, amanzi, amaminerali, amadwala, ukukhanya kwelanga, imvula, umhlaba, njll.

Kungafingqwa ukuthi izici ze-abiotic yizo zonke lezo ezingenakho ukuphila kepha ziyizinto ezibalulekile zombili ezakha i-ecosystem futhi ezisekela impilo. Amanzi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ye-abiotic (ngamagama ahlobene) yokuba khona kwempilo. Ngaphandle kwayo, uhlaza belungeke luphile futhi, nalo, noma izilwane ezidla inyama, izidla-nyama ezinokudla okudla imifino, njll. Uchungechunge lokudla belungeke lube khona njengoba sazi namuhla.

Lezi zinto zomzimba ziphinde zithinte ikhono lezinto eziphilayo hhayi kuphela ukusinda, kepha nokuzala. Kufana nokuthi bekuyindawo engenalutho. Ngokuya ngemvula, ubukhona bokuvikelwa, indawo yokuhlala, umoya onamandla, imisebe yelanga, njll. Izinhlobo eziningi ziphoqeleka ukuthi zifunele izimo ezingcono kakhulu zemvelo ukuze zisinde nokuzala okulandelayo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ze-abiotic ezindaweni zasolwandle nasemhlabeni

Manje sizonikeza izibonelo zezici ze-abiotic ezingaba khona kuzo zombili izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle nasemhlabeni. Ngale ndlela, uzokwazi ukubona kangcono ukuthi yiziphi izimo eziphilayo okufanele zizithobe kuzo uma zifuna ukusinda.

Kubalulekile ukufunda ngoba yibo bazonquma uhlobo lwempilo olungathuthukiswa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Isimo semvelo lapho kuneqhwa eliningi asifani nendawo enamazinga okushisa aphezulu nesihlabathi esiningi.

• Izimiso zemvelo zomhlaba. Kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo sithola isimo sezulu, inhlabathi, ukutholakala kwamanzi, ukukhululeka nokuphakama njengezici eziyinhloko ze-abiotic. Lezi zinto yizici zokunquma zobukhona bohlobo oluthile lokuphila noma olunye.
• Izimiso zemvelo zasolwandle. Lapha sinezici eziningi ezibeka impilo empilweni. Ilanga, umoya wancibilika emanzini, esikhaleni, ukukhululeka, izinga likasawoti, izinga lokushisa, isimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi. Lokhu kubeka impilo yezilwane ezahlukahlukene njenge-drop fish, kubhekwe isilwane esibi kunazo zonke emhlabeni ehlala ekujuleni noma eplankton eseduze nobuso njengoba kunenani elikhulu lemisebe yelanga.

Izincazelo

Sizochaza izici eziyinhloko ze-abiotic ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

• Khanyisa. Ngamandla avela elangeni. Kudingeka ngokuphelele ku-photosynthesis ezitshalweni. Lapho ukukhanya kuningi ku-ecosystem yasemanzini, i-phytoplankton enkulu iyoba khona. Le phytoplankton isebenza njengokudla kwezinhlobo eziningi.
• Ukukhululwa. Impilo ekhiqizwa olwandle ayifani neyamamitha ayi-3.000 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kuyafana uma kuyintaba ethafeni noma eweni.
• Ingcindezi. Isebenza ikakhulu olwandle. Kulezi zindawo, izinto eziphilayo kumele zivumelane nezimo ukuze ziphile.
• Amanzi. Ibalulekile empilweni. Futhi kuyinto ekhawulelayo ezindaweni ezithile zemvelo.
• Umswakama. Izinto eziningi eziphilayo, njengesikhunta nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, zidinga umswakama ukuze ziphile.
• Umoya. Ingaguqula izinga lokushisa nokuguguleka kwendawo.
• Usawoti lwamanzi. Ngokuya ngomthamo wesidalwa ngasinye ukuzivumelanisa nosawoti omningi noma omncane, izilwane nezitshalo ezikhula esimisweni semvelo esinosawoti kuzoxhomeka.
• Lokushisa. Ngokusobala, izinga lokushisa lapho izinto zikhula khona liyashintsha umdlalo. Isigqoko se-polar asifani nehlane.
• Izakhamzimba Inani lomoya-mpilo oncibilikiswe emanzini, i-nitrogen efakwa izitshalo noma i-CO2 esebenza njengokushintshaniswa kwegesi nazo ziyizakhamzimba ezinciphisa ubukhona bezidalwa eziphilayo.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalo lonke lolu lwazi ungafunda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ziyini izici ze-abiotic kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ezinemvelo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukulinganisela emvelweni kubalulekile ukuze impilo yenzeke njengoba sazi.