Uma kubhekwa izinhlobonhlobo zezimoto nemithombo yazo kaphethiloli, bekulokhu kunokungabaza kokuthi Yini engcolisa udizili noma uphethiloli owengeziwe?. Kuhlale kuthiwa udizili ungcolisa kakhulu yize kungacaci ukuthi uyinganekwane yini noma uyiqiniso.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yini engcolisa kakhulu, udizili noma uphethiloli.
Kungani izimoto zingcolisa?
Esimeni sokusha okuhle noma kwe-stoichiometric, okungukuthi, lapho amanani omoya kanye nophethiloli (ama-hydrocarbon) esabela ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokweqisa noma ukuntuleka kokukodwa noma okunye, imikhiqizo yalokhu kusha umhwamuko wamanzi (H2O), i-nitrogen (N2) kanye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2).
Manje, kula magesi amathathu, i-nitrogen iyona kuphela engabangeli zinkinga. Kuyigesi engabambi iqhaza ekushiseni, kuba khona kuphela ngoba yiyona nto eyinhloko yomoya esiwuphefumulayo ngakho-ke imuncwa injini. Ngokuqondene nomhwamuko wamanzi, ungavela njengentuthu emhlophe ngezinsuku ezibandayo, noma ngisho nethonsi elincane lamanzi kumshini wakho wokukhipha igesi, futhi uyigesi ebamba ukushisa (ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile). Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwayo akulimazi kakhulu futhi kuyakhathaza kune-carbon dioxide, kusukela inani eliphelele lomhwamuko wamanzi emhlabeni wethu lihlala lifana ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi izinto ezinzima zingasusa ngokushesha umhwamuko wamanzi oweqile, imvula noma iqhwa.
Yini engcolisa kakhulu, udizili noma uphethiloli?
Udizili nophethiloli, amafutha asetshenziswa ukuqhuba izimoto nemishini, anomthelela omkhulu emvelweni ngenxa yesisi esiwukhiqizayo, amanye angcolisa kakhulu kunezinye. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuhambisana nemvelo buyathuthukiswa, isibonelo embonini yezimoto ukubheja ezimotweni eziyi-plug-in hybrid nezikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwamagesi angcolisayo.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini engcolisa kakhulu izimoto zikadizili noma zikaphethroli ngoba ngayinye ingcolisa ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, uma siqhathanisa izimoto ezimbili ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, umehluko kuphela ukuthi enye iyimoto kadizili kanti enye imoto kaphethiloli, sizobona ukuthi imoto kadizili ikhipha amagremu ambalwa e-carbon dioxide ngekhilomitha ngalinye, kodwa ikhipha kancane Kunezithako eziyingozi kunezimoto zikadizili. Eyodwa kaphethiloli.
Nokho, Ngokufika kobuchwepheshe obusha bokuhlunga ezinjinini zikadizili, lo mehluko unciphe. Konke sibonga umthethonqubo omusha we-Euro 6, owenza ukukhishwa kwezinye izinto ezingcolisa udizili kufane nalezo zokulawulwa kukaphethiloli we-Euro 4.
Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi izimoto zamanje zikaphethiloli kanye nezimoto zikadizili zingcolisa okufanayo, kodwa ngendlela ehlukile, ngoba izimoto zikadizili zikhipha i-CO2 encane kunezimoto zikaphethiloli, kodwa ziyaqhubeka nokukhipha ezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya, nakuba kungenjalo ngomehluko omkhulu njengaseminyakeni edlule. . .
Yiziphi izinto ezingcolisayo ezikhishwa izinjini zikadizili nekaphethiloli?
Sesike sasho ukuthi i-CO2 ingenye yezinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphuma ngesikhathi kusha izinjini ezisebenzisa lawa mafutha, ngakho yimaphi amagesi angcolisayo akhishwa izinjini zikadizili nekaphethiloli?
Ukungcolisa amagesi ezimotweni zikadizili:
- i-nitrogen
- isikhutha
- amanzi
- umoya-mpilo
- sulphur dioxide
- umusi
- ama-hydrocarbons
- i-nitric oxide
- i-carbon monoxide
Ukungcolisa amagesi aphuma ezimotweni zikaphethiloli:
- i-nitrogen
- isikhutha
- amanzi
- ama-hydrocarbons
- i-nitric oxide
- i-carbon monoxide
Izimoto zikaphethiloli zinokungcoliswa okungakanani?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokungcoliswa kwezimoto ezihamba ngophethiloli, singasho ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinjini zikadizili nezikaphethroli yindlela uphethiloli oxutshwa ngayo nomoya nendlela oshiswa ngayo. Basebenza ngokuhlukile, kodwa akukho okungcono kunomunye.
Pho uphethiloli uyithinta kanjani imvelo? Lokhu kubangela ukuba amagesi abamba ukushisa, njengesikhutha, akhishelwe emkhathini. Kuwo wonke ilitha kaphethiloli osetshenzisiwe, I-2,32 kilograms ye-carbon dioxide ikhishwa ngemva kokuhamba cishe amakhilomitha angu-13.
Izimoto zikadizili zingcolisa kangakanani?
Njengoba izindaba zenjini kaphethiloli sezicace kakhudlwana, manje sesiphendula imibuzo embalwa ehlobene nodizili. Udizili uyithinta kanjani imvelo? Ilitha likadizili lingcolisa malini?
Impendulo ithi uwoyela wegesi noma udizili ungaba nomthelela omubi emvelweni ngezinga elicishe lifane nelikaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwe-CO2, idizili iphinde ikhiphe amanye amagesi nezinhlayiya eziyingozi emvelweni, njenge-SO2, NOx ne-soot. Udizili ukhipha amakhilogremu angu-2,6 e-carbon dioxide ilitha ngalinye cishe amakhilomitha angu-16.
Amadivayisi okunciphisa ukungcola
Ukunciphisa ukungcola okuvela ezimotweni, imboni yezimoto isebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukene:
- I-AdBlue: Kuyisithasiselo esisekelwe ikakhulukazi ku-urea ejovwa kumagesi akhipha umoya ngaphambi kokuba la magesi afinyelele ku-catalyst. I-Urea iqukethe i-ammonia, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-catalyst, lapho i-NOx isabela, i-N2, i-CO2 ne-vapor yamanzi ikhiqizwa.
- I-Catalyst: Injongo yale yunithi ukunciphisa lezo zinto eziyingozi eziphuma ngokusabela kwe-catalytic (redox).
- Ama-NOx accumulators - Ama-Catalysts: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, zingama-NOx ama-catalysts wokugcina agcina i-NOx ize ivuselelwe bese ikhishwa. Kwakubonakala kuhambisana ne-catalysis yezindlela ezintathu.
- Isihlungi se-particle: Isetshenziselwa ukugcina izinhlayiya ze-soot ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha kwedizili bese izisusa nge-oxidation.
- I-EGR Gas Recirculation: Le yunithi ikwazi ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-NOx cishe ngo-50% ngokuphindaphinda amagesi e-exhaust endaweni eningi eyithathayo lapho injini isebenza ngokwengxenye kanye nezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zingcolisa kakhulu imvelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyakhishwa noma zishisiwe. Nokho, uwoyela nezinto eziphuma kuwo ungomunye wemikhiqizo edume kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi usinikeze intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ezokuthutha, neminye imikhakha eminingi, futhi kukhiqiza izinga eliphezulu lokungcola. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kokubili uphethiloli kanye nowoyela wegesi noma udizili kuphuma ku-petroleum, kokubili kungcolisa kakhulu imvelo, futhi kokubili kuyingozi ngokulinganayo.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemoto ngokulinganisela futhi ukhethe izithuthi zomphakathi noma izimoto zikagesi, noma okungenani ama-hybrids.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini engcolisa udizili noma uphethiloli owengeziwe.