Phakathi kwezingqimba ezahlukene zomkhathi, ungqimba olulodwa lunokuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-ozone emhlabeni wonke. Lolu ungqimba olubizwa nge-ozone. Le ndawo itholakala ku-stratosphere endaweni ephakeme yamakhilomitha angama-60 futhi inomthelela odingekayo empilweni eMhlabeni. Njengoba abantu befaka amagesi athile ayingozi emkhathini, lolu ungqimba selunciphile, lubeka impilo yalo engozini emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube namuhla, kubonakala sengathi iyalungisa. Abantu abaningi namanje abazi kahle Uyini ungqimba lwe-ozone.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi luyini ungqimba lwe-ozone, yiziphi izici zalo nesimo salo esikhona manje.
Uyini ungqimba lwe-ozone
Ukuze siqale ukuqonda indima yongqimba lwe-ozone, kufanele siqale siqonde uhlobo lwegesi oluyenzayo: igesi le-ozone. Ifomula layo lamakhemikhali lingu-O3, okuyi-isotope yomoya-mpilo, ifomu elikhona emvelweni.
I-ozone iyigesi ukuthi ibolela ku-oxygen ejwayelekile emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile kanye nengcindezi. Ngokufanayo, likhipha iphunga lesulfure elibabayo futhi umbala uthambile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma i-ozone itholakala ebusweni bomhlaba, iyoba yingozi kwizitshalo nasezilwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ikhona ngokwemvelo kusendlalelo se-ozone, uma kungekho kugxila okuphezulu kwaleli gesi ku-stratosphere, ngeke sikwazi ukuphuma.
I-ozone isivikeli esibalulekile sempilo ebusweni bomhlaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inomsebenzi wesihlungi esivikelayo emisebeni yelanga ye-ultraviolet. Uyanakekela imunca ikakhulukazi imisebe yeLanga ebangeni lobude obuphakathi kuka-280 no-320 nm.
Lapho imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet ishaya i-ozone, ama-molecule ahlehlela ku-athomu oxygen nomoya-mpilo ojwayelekile. Lapho i-oxygen ejwayelekile kanye ne-oxygen ye-athomu iphinda ihlangana ku-stratosphere, ziphinda zihlanganise zenze ama-molecule e-ozone. Lokhu kusabela kuhlala ku-stratosphere, futhi i-ozone ne-oxygen zihlala ngasikhathi sinye.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-ozone iyigesi engatholakala eduze kweziphepho zikagesi nemishini enamandla kagesi noma izinhlansi. Isibonelo, kumxube, i-ozone ikhiqizwa lapho oxhumana nabo be-brush bekhiqiza izinhlansi. Kungabonakala kalula ngephunga.
Le gesi ingafingqana futhi ibonakale njengoketshezi oluhlaza olungazinzile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma iqina, izovela ibubende obumnyama. Kulezi zifundazwe ezimbili, kuyinto eqhuma ngokweqile ngenxa yamandla ayo e-oxidation aqinile. Lapho i-ozone ibola ibe yi-chlorine, iyakwazi ukufaka oketshezi eningi futhi, yize ukugxila kwayo kuncane kakhulu emhlabeni (cishe ama-20 ppb), iyakwazi ukufaka insimbi insimbi.
Inzima futhi isebenza kakhulu kune-oxygen. Ibuye ibe ne-oxidizing ethe xaxa, yingakho isetshenziswa njengesibulala-magciwane kanye ne-germicide, ngenxa ye-oxidation yegciwane eliyenzayo. Sekusetshenzisiwe Ukuhlanza amanzi, ukubhubhisa izinto eziphilayo, noma umoya ezibhedlela, imikhumbi-ngwenya, njll
Umsuka wesendlalelo se-ozone
Igama "ungqimba lwe-ozone" uqobo aluqondwa kahle. Ngamanye amagama, umqondo ukuthi endaweni ethile ephakeme e-stratosphere kukhona ukuminyana okuphezulu kwe-ozone okusibekela nokuvikela umhlaba. Okungaphezulu noma okuncane kumelwa sengathi isibhakabhaka simbozwe ungqimba olunamafu.
Noma kunjalo, akunjalo. Iqiniso ukuthi i-ozone ayigxilile emgqeni, futhi ayitholakali ebangeni elithile, kepha igesi eyindlala ehlanjululwa kakhulu emoyeni nokuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivela emhlabathini iye ngale kwe-stratosphere. Esikubiza ngokuthi "ungqimba lwe-ozone" indawo ye-stratosphere lapho ukugxila kwama-molecule e-ozone kuphakeme kakhulu (izinhlayiya ezimbalwa ngesigidi) futhi kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izingxube ze-ozone ebusweni. Kepha ukuminyana kwe-ozone kuqhathaniswa namanye amagesi asemkhathini, njenge-nitrogen, kuyimiscucule.
I-ozone ikhiqizwa ikakhulu lapho ama-molecule e-oxygen ethola inani elikhulu lamandla. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, la ma-molecule aphenduka ama-radical oxygen radicals. Le gesi ayizinzile ngokweqile, ngakho-ke lapho ihlangana nenye i-molecule ye-oxygen ejwayelekile, izohlangana kwakhiwe i-ozone. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka njalo ngemizuzwana emibili noma kunjalo.
Kulokhu, umthombo wamandla we-oxygen ejwayelekile yimisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet iyimbangela yokubola kwe-oxygen yamangqamuzana ibe yi-oxygen ye-athomu. Lapho ama-athomu nama-molecule e-oxygen yamangqamuzana ehlangana futhi enza i-ozone, ichithwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet uqobo.
Kusendlalelo se-ozone, ama-molecule e-ozone, i-oxygen yamangqamuzana, ne-oksijeni ye-athomu zidalwa njalo futhi zibhujiswe. Ngale ndlela, kunokulingana okunamandla lapho i-ozone ichithwa futhi yakhiwa khona.
Imbobo kusendlalelo se-ozone
Lo mgodi kusendlalelo lwe-ozone ukunciphisa ukugxila kwalesi sakhi endaweni ethile. Ngakho-ke, kule ndawo imisebe yelanga eyingozi kakhulu ingena ebusweni bethu. Umgodi utholakala ezigxotsheni, yize nasezinyangeni zasehlobo kubonakala sengathi uyalulama. Lapho ilulama esigxotsheni esisodwa, kubonakala sengathi yehlisa isithunzi kwesinye. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokujikeleza.
Ukwehla kwe-ozone kwenzeka kokubili ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemvelo ngenxa yensimu ye-electromagnetic yeplanethi nokuxhumana okwenziwa ngumuntu. Ubuntu, ngenxa yentuthuko yezomnotho nemisebenzi yezimboni, ikhipha inani elikhulu lamagesi angcolisayo aqeda ama-molecule e-ozone.
Ukuvikelwa
Ukuvikela ungqimba lwe-ozone, ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele kumele benze izindlela zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwala magesi ayingozi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitshalo eziningi zingahlushwa yimisebe yelanga, umdlavuza wesikhumba uzokhula, futhi kuvele ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo.
Ezingeni ngalinye, njengezakhamizi, ongakwenza ukuthenga imikhiqizo ye-aerosol engaqukethe noma eyenziwe ngezinhlayiya ezibhubhisa i-ozone. Phakathi kwamagesi abhubhisa kakhulu kule molekyuli kukhona:
- Ama-CFC (ama-chlorofluorocarbons). Ziyingozi kakhulu futhi zikhishwa ngesimo se-aerosol. Banokuphila okude kakhulu emoyeni futhi, ngakho-ke, labo abakhishwe maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX basadala umonakalo.
- I-hydrocarbon e-Halogen. Lo mkhiqizo utholakala kwizicisha mlilo. Okuhle kakhulu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isicima mlilo esisithengayo asinawo lo gesi.
- I-Methyl bromide. Kungumuthi wokubulala izinambuzane osetshenziswa emasimini ezinkuni. Lapho ikhishelwa emvelweni ibhubhisa i-ozone. Okufanelekile hhayi ukuthenga ifenisha eyenziwe ngalezi zinkuni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi luyini ungqimba lwe-ozone.