Izihlahla yizakhamuzi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Banesibopho sokukhulula umoya-mpilo nokuguqula i-carbon dioxide (CO2), ngaleyo ndlela behlise umphumela we-greenhouse emkhathini. I Usuku Lomuthi kusikhumbuza ukubaluleka kokuvikela izindawo zamahlathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona okuqhubekayo kokuphila emhlabeni wethu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana noSuku Lwe-Arbor nokubaluleka kwalo.
Kungani kunosuku lwe-Arbor?
Kufanele sihlukanise uSuku Lokutshalwa Kwezihlahla (Juni 28) noSuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Lwamahlathi ngoMashi 21. Olunye usuku luhlobene eduze nokugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezihlahla namahlathi, ngenjongo yokwenza abantu baqaphele isidingo sokuvikela izindawo zamahlathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Izihlahla zinemisebenzi eminingi ebamba iqhaza emijikelezweni yemvelo. Ukusuka ekukhiqizeni umoya-mpilo kuya ekubeni umsizi wethu omkhulu ekuphenduleni inkinga yesimo sezulu. Yizihlahla eziyisisekelo sokusinda kwezidalwa eziphila emhlabeni. Ziyindawo yemvelo ephelele, lapho kuhlala khona izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zisisiza ukuba silawule umjikelezo we-hydrological, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ingozi yezikhukhula, futhi ziwumthombo wempahla yokukhiqiza imithi nezinye izinto zemvelo. Nokho, imisebenzi yabantu iye yacekela phansi cishe U-78% wamahlathi angakaze abe khona emhlabeni kanye nama-22% asele athintwe ukugawulwa kwemithi. Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kwalezi zindawo akuthinti kuphela indawo esizungezile futhi kukhiphele isikhutha emkhathini, kodwa kuphinde kuthinte izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zethu, futhi kubeke engozini izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Lesi simo saholela ekwethulweni Kweminyaka Eyishumi Ye-United Nations Yokubuyiselwa Kwesimiso Sendawo Sendawo ngo-2021, esidinga ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo ezihlangene phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwemvelo okungenakulungiseka.
Uma kunosuku lwe-Arbor, kuyisitatimende sokuthi kuyadingeka ukumisa lesi simo, futhi singasebenzisana ukuze siqinisekise ukuvikelwa kwemvelo. ISweden iyizwe lokuqala ukugubha leli holide. Wakwenza ngo-1840 ukuze aqwashise ngeqhaza elibalulekile izihlahla ezinalo ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukuvikela umhlabathi kanye nokuzuza intuthuko esimeme.
Ingakanani i-carbon dioxide engamunca ihlathi
Ukuze sazi ukuthi ihlathi limunca kangakanani isikhutha, kumelwe siqale sihlaziye ukuthi lakhiwa ziphi izihlahla. Ukuhlola kwamuva okwenziwe umcwaningi wase-University of Seville kwaqokomisa ukuthi uphayini i-Aleppo ungesinye sezihlahla ezimunca kakhulu isikhutha. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi uphayini we-Aleppo ovuthiwe ungamunca amathani angama-50 esikhutha ngonyaka.
Ngamanye amazwi, isifanekiso esivuthiwe salolu hlobo lwezilwane singakwazi ukumunca umoya okhishwa izimoto ezingu-30 ezinosayizi omaphakathi ezihamba amakhilomitha angu-10.000 ngonyaka. I-Peninsula yase-Iberia iyindawo ekahle yokukhula kwalezi zihlahla, ngakho ihlathi likaphayini linamandla amakhulu okucwiliswa kwekhabhoni yemvelo.
Ngenxa yokucebile kwayo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, inani elikhulu lamasinki e-CO2 angamahlathi angenalutho. Ihlathi lezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaguquki, zakudala nezomdabu, lapho kungekho khona ubufakazi obusobala bemisebenzi yabantu, futhi inqubo yezemvelo ayizange ishintshe kakhulu. Lawa mahlathi angakaze abe khona kanye nemithombo yokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu inciphile ngenxa yokungenelela kwabantu.
Usuku lwe-Arbor ukuhlonipha abalingani ngokumelene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Amahlathi amakhulu amakhulu ayisikhombisa okugcina eplanethi yilawa alandelayo:
- Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon
- Ihlathi laseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia
- Amahlathi emvula asenkabeni ye-Afrika
- Amahlathi apholile aseNingizimu Melika
- Amahlathi ayisisekelo aseNyakatho Melika naseCanada
- Amahlathi okugcina aseYurophu
- Amahlathi e-taiga yaseSiberia
Njengolwandle, ukuvikela amahlathi kusho ukuvikela indlela enamandla kakhulu yokumunca nokugcina isikhutha. Ikhono lakhe liyamangalisa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isihlahla sigcina isilinganiso esingama-22 kg we-carbon dioxide ngonyaka. Ihlathi lemvula ligcina amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-250 esikhutha ezihlahleni kuphela, okulingana neminyaka engama-90 yokukhishwa kwegesi emhlabeni jikelele. Amahlathi aseYurophu ahlukanisa cishe i-10% yengqikithi yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa e-European Union. E-Spain, amahlathi alungisa ithani lekhabhoni ngehektha ngalinye ngonyaka.
Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezimbalwa manje zibonisa ukuthi uma singashintshi ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezivumelana nemvelo, leli khono lemvelo lezihlahla lingancipha. Ungasuka ekubeni umsizi wethu lapho ubhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu uye kwesinye sezitha zethu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuthola izixazululo ezisimeme ezisisiza ukuba silinganise ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi, ukunqanda ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokuqeda ukugawulwa kwemithi okungekho emthethweni.
Izizathu zokutshala izihlahla
Izihlahla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni imvelo:
- Bakhulula umoya-mpilo futhi baguqule i-carbon dioxide (CO2) ibe yi-biomass, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa umphumela we-greenhouse.
- Bangabalawuli bomjikelezo we-hydrological futhi basiza ukuvimbela izikhukhula.
- Zivimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi futhi zivuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo.
- Bakha indawo yezitshalo, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini.
- Ezindaweni zasehlathini, afaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwendawo enomswakama.
- Basiza ukulawula isimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, okubangelwa kakhulu abantu.
- Ziwumthombo wezinto ezingavuthiwe zokwenziwa kwemithi, ukudla, iphepha, izinto zokubasa (izinkuni namalahle), imicu nezinye izinto zemvelo (njengokhokho, inhlaka nerabha).
Ezinye zezinto ezithakazelisa izihlahla yilezi:
- Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva (olushicilelwe yi-Journal of Sustainable Forestry), kunezinhlobo zezihlahla ezingu-60,065 emhlabeni wethu.
- Kuye ngezinhlobo, lIzihlahla ziyokhula ngokugcwele lapho sezifinyelele eminyakeni engu-40 noma engu-50 ubudala.
- Ezifundeni ezibandayo noma izifunda, bakhulisa amagundane nezinyoni.
- Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe u-78% wamahlathi angenalutho acekelwe phansi abantu kanti ama-22% asele athintwe ukugawulwa kwemithi.
- I-12% yamahlathi omhlaba aqokwe ukuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ihlathi lakha indawo egcina ikhabhoni ebalulekile, enqwabelana cishe amagigathoni angama-289 ale elementi.
- Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica neGreenland, athatha indawo enkulu yomhlaba, ebalelwa ku-28,5% womhlaba.
- Ingxenye yamahlathi omhlaba isezindaweni ezishisayo kanti enye isezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile kanye ne-boreal.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana noSuku Lwezihlahla kanye nokubaluleka kwalo.