El ukuzisebenzisela wena yamukelwa yi-European Union njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, kanye nesitoreji, soguquko kumandla ahlanzekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iYurophu ibona ukuzisebenzisela nokuzenzela njengelungelo lazo zonke izakhamizi, kepha amazwe angamalungu enyunyana alawula kanjani intuthuko yawo? kukhona umehluko? Ingqungquthela ye-Alternativas Foundation "Indima yokuzisebenzisela ukuguqulwa kwamandla eSpain nezifundo esizifunde kwamanye amazwe", gqoka okumnyama kokumhlophe ngaleli qiniso ku IPortugal, iFrance neJalimane.
Ukuvela kokuzisebenzisela kwehluke kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe, ngoba imithetho yabo yehluka kakhulu. Ngokusho kwezikhulu ezivela kuFronius Spain, “Akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemakethe kagesi namandla phakathi kwePortugal neSpain, ichibi, izinkampani ezihweba, izinkampani zikagesi ... uhlaka oluyinkimbinkimbi lomkhakha luyafana kodwa omakhelwane bethu uzimele i- ukuzisebenzisela wena ngendlela ephambene ngokuphelele nathi ”.
Ukuzisebenzisela
Portugal
NgoJanuwari 2015, Portugal igunyaze i-oda likaNgqongqoshe elithuthukise i-DL 153/2014 ngokuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisela ukuthenga. Umthethonqubo osiza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezincane. Kuze kufike ku-1,5 kW, alukho uhlobo lwenqubo oludingekayo, kuze kufike ku-200 kW, ngenqubo eku-inthanethi yanele, khona-ke umhloli wamandla uqinisekisa ukufakwa futhi konke kuhlelekile. Kusuka ku-1MW kuphela ilayisense yokukhiqiza ethize iyadingeka.
Futhi ePortugal kune- ibhalansi yenetha. Amandla afakwa kugridi akhokhwa ngama-90% wentengo yenyanga yemakethe; UHulumeni ubeke njengendawo yokuthi kuze kube lapho ukuzisebenzisela ngokwakho kungameli u-1% womthamo ofakiwe (ngaphezu kwama-20 MW), ngeke usebenze ayikho imali eyisipele, yize kungenasimo esingenakwenzeka ukuthi kube nezinguquko ezenziwa kabusha ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngokusemthethweni ngaphambilini finyelela kulowo mkhawulo. "Futhi ekugcineni, awukho umkhawulo ophakeme wokuzisebenzisa," uphetha, "iPortugal ibone ithuba lokuqashwa okufanele futhi njengamanje, ngenxa yokushayela kwayo, sekuvele kukhona ama-SME angaphezu kwama-1.000 XNUMX azinikele ekwenzeni ama-photovoltaics."
EFrance
Umakhelwane wethu uhlukile ngandlela thile, imithethonqubo yayo misha. Yize lumthetho wokuguqulwa kwamandla ka EFrance i-del 2015 zibekele imigomo ukwandisa amandla amandla avuselelekayo ekuxubeni kwamandla, futhi kwesinye sezindatshana zakhe usevele usungule ukuncishiswa okusha okungenzeka kube khona ukuze Imindeni yaseFrance yayikwazi ukunciphisa wakho izikweletu zikagesi, uyephuza ukusebenzisa.
Eqinisweni, iFrance ifuna ukukhulisa ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa, ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwamandla akhiqizwa amakhaya, athengwa ngu I-EDF. Ngokusho kwenxusa laseFrance: “IFrance ikholelwa ukuthi kunamathuba amakhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuzisebenzisela ukuzisebenzisa, ngakho-ke May ka-2017 umthethonqubo uvunyelwe owulawula, kepha sesivele sinemindeni engaphezu kwengu-15.000 ekhiqiza ugesi wayo uqobo ”,“ ngomthetho omusha izinga elisha lokuthenga selakhiwe, kwaba nezinkontileka iminyaka 20 okwalabo abazikhiqizelayo (ngesiqinisekiso sokuthenga) kanye imali yokuthenga kwensalela Ngu-10 c € / kWh wokufaka kuze kufike ku-9 kW kanti kuze kufike ku-100 kW ngu-6 c € / kWh ”.
Baphinde baqalisa noxhaso lokutshala imali amaphaneli we-photovoltaic iminyaka emihlanu.
- Okokufaka okungaphansi kuka-3 kW kungama-1.200 euros, ama-euro angama-240 unyaka ngamunye.
- para ama-mayores, Ama-euro angama-2.000, ama-euro angama-400 minyaka yonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zenziwe zaba lula, ngokwesibonelo, izikhungo ezincane zikhululiwe ekubeni nenkontileka yokuthengisa yensalela. Sungula i- inqubo eyenziwe lula kulokhu kufakwa okuncane futhi kuphoqa opharetha benethiwekhi ukwenza lula ukuzisebenzisa. Esinye isisusa ukuthi ezinye izintela ezikhungweni zokuzisebenzisela zona ziyasuswa.
Alemania
I-Germany ngeminyaka yama-90 yaqala uku khuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngokwakho, ngoba izwe elibheka kakhulu umqondo wokuhlukaniswa kwamandla ezindawo. Ngale ndlela, kukhona osopolitiki abaningi asebejoyine okukhona njengamanje ezweni ngenxa yokuvuseleleka, futhi empeleni ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000 kwavunywa uMthetho wokukukhuthaza.
Ezweni lamaTeutonic awukho umkhawulo wamandla wezitshalo zelanga. Empeleni, sekuvele kukhona omasipala abangafika kuma-700 asebethole inethiwekhi yendawo, okuyi bayazilawula, kusukela eJalimane ayikho i-REE NjengaseSpain, elawula lonke uhlelo lukagesi, kepha izwe lehlukaniswe laba ezine, ngaphezu kwalokho abasabalalisi nabakhangisi akuzona izinkampani ngoba omasipala nabo basebenza njengabaqhubi bakagesi futhi baphatha amandla abo ngendlela abafuna ngayo.
Ukusekelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kukhiqizwe kwaze kwaba ngu-2012 ngesikimu sokulungisa esinamaphrimiyamu aphansi kakhulu, phakathi kuka-8,65 c € / kWh no-12,50 c € / kWh, kuya ngosayizi weyunithi, kepha ngalowo nyaka kwafinyelelwa ngobuningi begridi amandla we-photovoltaic namandla akhishiwe aqala ukukhokha ngentengo ephansi okubiza ukuyithenga kunethiwekhi.
Lo mbiko uphinde ukhombise ukuthi izindawo ozisebenzisela zona ezinamandla angaphansi kuka-10 kW abakhokhi intela, nalabo abanamandla aphezulu bakhokha ama-40%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zokuxhuma kwenethiwekhi Zilula kakhulu, ngoba akukho nkontileka okufanele yenziwe ibe semthethweni phakathi komthengi ozisebenzisayo kanye no-opharetha wenethiwekhi, ophoqelekile ukuyenza njengokuxhuma kuqala futhi ongakwazi ukukhokhisa izindleko ezihlobene nokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi kumthengi ozisebenzelayo.
Manje yisikhathi sokuqhathanisa nemithethonqubo ye- ukuzisebenzisela wena eSpain, ubona umehluko omkhulu?
