Yize iplanethi yethu ibizwa ngokuthi uMhlaba, akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi izilwandle zimele ngaphezu kuka-70% womhlaba futhi zihlala kuwo u-97% wawo wonke amanzi aseplanethi. Futhi asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi olwandle kunenqwaba yezitshalo nezilwane okungezomhlaba. Le mizimba yamanzi anosawoti ihlala ezinkulungwaneni nezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zamagciwane, ama-microorganisms, izilwane nezitshalo. Lokhu futhi kumele kubhekelwe umuntu ngoba kungumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wemithombo yemvelo. Sikhipha amandla, ukudla namaminerali olwandle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, yini eyaziwa ngokuthi Ukungcoliswa kolwandle.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukungcola kolwandle kanye nomsuka walo.
Kuyini ukungcoliswa kolwandle
Njengoba sazi, ulwandle luyikhaya lezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nomthombo omkhulu wemithombo yemvelo yabantu. Ukusuka lapha sikhipha amandla, ukudla namaminerali, phakathi kokunye, okusisebenzisela usuku nosuku. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu kunokuchithwa okuningi okuholela ekungcolisweni kolwandle. Njengoba sisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izindawo ezinkulu zasemanzini, sigcina siziwohloka.
Singasho ukuthi ukungcoliswa kolwandle kungumphumela owenzeka ngemuva kwalokho ukwethulwa kwezinto ezingaphandle zomzimba, zamakhemikhali noma zebhayoloji kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Uma sithela amanzi aqhamuka kwezolimo ezifundweni zamanzi njengemifula, igcina isigelezela olwandle. La manzi angcoliswe yimithi yokubulala izinambuzane, umanyolo kanye nokubulala ukhula okusetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, lolu uhlobo lokungcola kwasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu kungcoliswa kwemvelo sinokucekeleka phansi kwezici zemvelo zemvelo. Lapho lezi zici ziguqulwa, zigcina ngokuba nomthelela kuzinga lempilo yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Iphinde igcine ngokucekela phansi izindawo zemvelo futhi idale ukuhlukana phakathi kwazo.
Iminyaka ukukhula komuntu kudale ukuthi kukhiqizwe amanzi angcolile ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lokwelashwa, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali kanye namanzi anemisebe aphonswe olwandle. Kuze kwaba ngawo-70, kwakukhona inkolelo edumile yokuthi ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamanzi olwandle, zonke izinto ezingcolisayo zazingahlanjululwa ngaphandle kokubangela imiphumela yezemvelo. Kamuva kubonakale ukuthi akunjalo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho okucatshangwayo, ukungcola akuhlanjululwa, kepha kunqwabelana kakhulu emanzini, emaketangeni e-trophic. Ngemuva kwalokho isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amanzi olwandle emhlabeni jikelele, ifinyelela ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukwenza komuntu. Eqinisweni, singayibona imiphumela yokungcola ezindaweni ezingangenwa ngabantu njengoba lnoma yi-Antarctica ngeMariana Trench.
Izimbangela zokungcola kolwandle
Izimbangela zokungcola kolwandle zivela emithonjeni eminingi. Iningi labo kungenxa yemisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu. Ake sibone ukuthi yimiphi imithombo esemqoka yokungcola kwasolwandle.
Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nokubulala ukhula
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, ezolimo zisebenzisa amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asiza ukunciphisa izinambuzane nezifo ezihlasela izitshalo. Imithi yokubulala ukhula isetshenziselwa ukubulala lolo khula oluvimbela ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo. Lawa makhemikhali aqeda amanzi olwandle futhi anciphise inani lama-phytoplankton, ulwelwe nezinye izitshalo zasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, kubangela ukwehla komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini futhi kunganqwabelana kuzicubu zezinto eziphilayo. Inkinga yalokhu kungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali okukhulunywa ngakho ezicutshini idluliswa iye ochungechungeni lokudla. Ekugcineni, kungadala ushintsho ekuziphatheni kokukhiqizwa kwezinhlanzi ukudala izinkinga kumuntu ngokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Umanyolo kanye nezinsipho
Kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokungcola kolwandle. Womabili la makhemikhali abangela ukunotha komsoco emanzini. Lokhu okweqile kwezakhamzimba kwaziwa njenge-eutrophication. Basuke ngokuyinhloko yakhiwa nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Lapho lezi zifinyelela emanzini, ulwelwe luqala ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Kulapha lapho bakha khona ungqimba lwe-biomass oluvimbela ukungena kwelanga nokuvuselelwa komoya-mpilo emanzini. Ngakho-ke, kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo ezindaweni ezinamanzi eutrophic.
Amakhemikhali nama-hydrocarbon
Amakhemikhali yiwo atholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuchitheka. Lolu hlu lusukela kuzinsimbi ezisindayo nemfucumfucu enemisebe evela embonini ehlukahlukene. Singathola kwizidakamizwa, emithini nasemahomoni, phakathi kokunye. Umphumela osheshayo walezi zingcolisi ngu ukufa ngokushesha kusuka kubuthi futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukubonakala kokungasebenzi kahle nokuphazamiseka komzimba ku-trophic chain.
Mayelana nama-hydrocarbon, siyazi ukuthi zombili izikebhe zokudoba, izikebhe ezinezimoto, njll. basebenzisa ama-hydrocarbon njengomthombo kaphethiloli. Lapho kwenzeka ukuchitheka kukawoyela, zonke izilwane zifa zikhungathekile ngoba zivimbela ukungena kwelanga futhi izingxenye zokubola kwale hydrocarbon zithinta ukusebenza komzimba womzimba.
Amanzi omfucuza namapulasitiki
Amanzi angcolile yilawo avela kubantu nasezimbonini futhi akhishwa ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Abanye babo bathanda ukukhishwa kwamanzi ngoba banothile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhamzimba.
Ama-plastiki nama-microplastics athathwa njengezimbangela ezinkulu zokungcola kolwandle emhlabeni wonke. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela kubangele ukulimala, ukukhubazeka nokunqunywa kwezilwane ngokuxhunywa kuzo. Ngokwabo, ama-microplastics afakwa ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla lwezinto eziphilayo ngisho nabantu bamunca bonke ubuthi futhi balimaze izicubu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zokungcola ngezinga elincane amanetha alahlekile athunyelwe olwandle ekubanjweni kwezinhlanzi nokungcoliswa komsindo. Lokhu kungcoliswa kuvela kuma-sonars, olwandle lwabo, imikhumbi, ukufakwa kukawoyela okusakazeka ngamakhilomitha ukusuka lapho badabuka khona.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokungcoliswa kolwandle kanye nemvelaphi yakho.