Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ngokuya ngezici zazo nemvelo yazo eyinhloko. Namuhla sizogxila ekukhulumeni ngakho Imvelo yasemanzini. Lapha sithola zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo umsebenzi wazo nempilo yazo isungulwe ngaphakathi kwendawo embozwe ngamanzi. Imvelo yasemanzini imboza cishe ama-70% womhlaba. Ukubaluleka kwayo kusho ukuthi umuntu uzoncika kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngezindawo eziphila emanzini, izici zazo nokubaluleka kwazo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Into ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni ngamanzi. Imvelo yasemanzini yakhiwe yizilwane, izimila, izimbali nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezisemanzini. Imvelo yasemanzini ingamanzi angenasawoti namanzi anosawoti. Lamanzi ahlanzekile amachibi, imifudlana, imifula, amachibi kanye nalawo amanzi anosawoti olwandle nezilwandle.. Zonke lezozindawo zokuhlala lapho kuhlala khona impilo futhi kukhona ukuhlobana okunamanzi ahlanzekile noma usawoti kubhekwa njengendawo yokuphila emanzini.
Imayelana nalezo zemvelo lapho izinto eziphilayo zenza yonke imisebenzi yazo emanzini, kungaba usawoti noma amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokuzivumelanisa nemvelo yasemanzini, bakwazile ukuthola izici ezifanayo zomzimba futhi bavela ngokuhlukile eminyakeni edlule.
Izinhlobo zezinto eziphila emanzini
Ukuze kufundwe izindawo eziphila emanzini, kufanele zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezici zazo. Bangamaqembu amabili amakhulu esihlukanisa kuwo, yize enokuthi ngokufanayo imvelo enkulu ingamanzi, kunokwehluka okufanele kube khona ukuxhumana nokugeleza phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene nemvelo yazo.
Ngakho-ke, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili ngokusho kwenqubo yokuxhumana nokuhamba phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nemvelo yazo futhi lokhu okulandelayo:
- Imvelo yasolwandle: imvelo yasolwandle yakhiwa izifunda ezinamanzi anosawoti lapho sithola khona izilwandle, izilwandle, amaxhaphozi, njll. Zizinzile ngokwedlulele ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo uma sikuqhathanisa nanoma iyiphi imvelo yasemanzini angenasawoti. Kusolwandle lapho impilo yavela khona futhi kuze kube namuhla kuseyindawo engaziwa ngokuphelele yabantu.
- Imvelo yamanzi angenasawoti: imvelo yamanzi angenasawoti yakhiwa izifunda ezinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo, izinhlobo zazo zonke izinhlobo. Le ndawo yaziwa ngamachibi, amaxhaphozi, imifula, njll.
Ezindaweni eziphila emanzini angenasawoti kunezinombolo eziningi zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, yize kungatholakala nenani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezihlobene nalezi zindawo zokuhlala. Itholakala ebukhoneni obukhulu bezimbali. Into enelukuluku ngemifula ukuthi izimo zingashintsha phakathi kwezigaba nezifunda, ngakho-ke uma sihlaziya umzila ophelele womfula siyabona ukuthi banama-microecosystem amaningi.
Olunye uhlobo lokwahlukaniswa kwemvelo yasemanzini luphathelene nendlela yokuhamba nendlela yokuphila kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwemvelo yasemanzini
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokufuduka kanye nendlela yempilo yezinto eziphilayo:
- I-Benthic: yilezo zinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-benthos atholakala ezansi kwezindawo eziphila emanzini. Lezi yizindawo ezingejule kakhulu lapho izakhamuzi eziyinhloko ziyi-algae.
- Ama-Nectonics: Ziyizinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngegama le-necton. Zihamba ngokukhululeka futhi ziyakwazi ukubhukuda ngenkuthalo ezindaweni ezinamanzi.
- Amanzi asePlanktonic: Yilezo zidalwa eziphilayo eziyingxenye yalokho okwaziwa njengeplankton. Zihlala ezintantayo emanzini asemhlabeni noma olwandle futhi zithathwa yimisinga. Okubili kunganyakaziswa yiminyakazo yabo futhi kuyisisekelo sochungechunge lokudla. Zingahlukaniswa zibe yi-phytoplankton ne-zooplankton. Owokuqala ufaka izinto eziphilayo ezenza i-photosynthesis futhi ezikhiqiza izinto eziphilayo ezinjenge-algae microscopic kanye ne-cyanobacteria. Leli qembu lezinto eziphilayo libalulekile kunoma iyiphi imvelo yasemanzini ngoba liyisisekelo se-trophic chain. I-Zooplankton yakhiwa yizidalwa ze-heterotrophic eziphila nge-phytoplankton. Lokho wukuthi, bangabathengi abakhulu lapho sithola khona ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zezilwane nama-protozoa.
- Ama-Neustonics: yizinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngaphezulu ezintantayo futhi zibizwa nge-neuston.
Izimbali nezimila
Kumele sazi ukuthi imvelo yasemanzini igcwele izitshalo nohlaza. Izindawo ezinamanzi ahlanzekile zivundile impela futhi zivame ukuba nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezimila. Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezisogwini ziyizindawo eziphakathi nendawo lapho kuqala khona imvelo yasolwandle enezingxenye ezingamukeli kancane ezinye izitshalo ezingasekeli amazinga anosawoti aphezulu. Yizindawo lapho ikhula ikakhulu otshanini.
Esiqeshini sezindawo ezisogwini kakhulu, izimo zokuphila ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Futhi kungukuthi izidalwa ezihlala kule ndawo kumele ziqhubeke nokumelana namandla amagagasi ngesikhathi sezivunguvungu kanye nokususwa lapho ukushisa okuhle okubandayo kushintshana. Ukubhekana nazo zonke lezi zinkinga, uhlaza lwasebenzisa amasu ahlukene ngezinqubo ezilivumela ukuthi linamathele ngokuqinile emadwaleni nasemagobolondweni aqinile. Emaweni singathola ezinye izitshalo ezifana ne-sea fennel ezisizakala ngezicucu ezincane ezikhiqizwa emadwaleni ukuze zikhule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizitshalo ezibekezelela usawoti.
Ubona ngaphakathi kwezindawo eziphila emanzini anosawoti lapho singathola khona amadlelo amakhulu ezitshalo ze-phanerogamic ezinjengezinhlobo ze-oceanic posidonia. Ingesinye sezitshalo ezivelele kakhulu kuso sonke lesi sifunda ngoba ineqhaza ekusimamiseni okukhulu izindawo ezinesihlabathi.
Izilwane zasemanzini
Mayelana nezilwane, impilo iguqukele ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Sithola izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezisukela ezipontshini kuya emgogodleni. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi okuyizona eziyinhloko:
- Ama-invertebrate alula: yilabo abangenawo umgogodla. Sine-anemones yasolwandle, i-jellyfish, zonke izinhlobo zeminenke, njll.
- Ezingenamgogodla eziyinkimbinkimbi: zingama-mollusks, ama-arthropods nama-echinoderms esinawo kuzo zombili izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle nasemanzini ahlanzekile. Futhi kufakwe i-starfish, ama-bulb, i-squid, ezinye izinhlobo zama-mollusk, izinkalankala, njll.
Ezingeni eliphakeme sinezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezinhlanzi esivele zinomgogodla weqiniso. Ekugcineni, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni nazo sezijwayele kokubili amanzi angenasawoti namanzi anosawoti.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo yasemanzini kanye nezici zazo.