Eplanethi yethu sinemithombo emibili yamandla ngokusho nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinefayela le- Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki okuyilawo atholakala endalweni ngendlela elinganiselwe. Ngeke ivuselelwe futhi bakwenza kancane kakhulu maqondana nesikhathi sokuphila komuntu. Isibonelo, sinokuqongelelwa kwekhabhoni okungathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 ukuvuselelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinamandla avuselelekayo. Imayelana namandla ahlanzekile futhi anqunyelwe angangcolisi kepha ukuthi bekukhona namuhla kuningi okumele kwenziwe.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngemithombo yamandla engavuseleleki enkulu, izici zayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamandla angavuseleleki: amandla ajwayelekile namandla angajwayelekile. Amandla avamile angavuseleleki ahlanganisa konke imithombo yamandla ezimbiwa phansi, njengoyela, igesi yemvelo namalahle, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi emithonjeni yamandla emhlabeni.
Lezi zinhlobo zemithombo zisatshalaliswa njalo emhlabeni wonke futhi zikhiqiza amandla amaningi ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi zingabashayeli abaphambili bamandla ezimboni selokhu kwasungulwa i-steam engine.
Wonke umuntu uyazi izinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa yila mandla, njengomphumela wokushisa, ukushisa kwamazinga okushisa neminye imiphumela. Kungakho sisebenza kanzima nsuku zonke ukuyeka ukusebenzisa la mandla nokuwasebenzisa ngamandla avuselelekayo.
Njengemithombo yamandla engavuseleleki futhi engajwayelekile, singathola lawo aqhamuka kuma-biofuels, ama-agrofuels noma ama-fuels nenuzi efana ne-uranium ne-plutonium.
Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi
Sizochaza imithombo esemqoka yamandla ezimbiwa, izici zawo nokusetshenziswa kwawo.
Amalahle: Amalahle ayingxenye yamandla okubasa futhi angumthombo wamandla angavuseleleki. Ingumbiwa phansi futhi kukholakala ukuthi iningi lamalahle lakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-280 kanye nama-345 edlule. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezezimboni, Amandla Nezokuvakasha eSpain, ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwamandla ngo-2016 kwakungu-10.442 KTEP, okwaba sesine kweminye imithombo yamandla.
Uwoyela: Uwoyela uwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla nengxenye yamandla okubasa ngoba utholakala ezinsizeni ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zoqweqwe lomhlaba. Njengazo zonke izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ingumthombo wamandla ongavuseleleki futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengempahla ekhiqizwayo yokukhiqiza amapulasitiki nezinye izinto. ESpain, amandla asetshenzisiwe avela kulo mandla angama-54.633 KTEP, okungamandla asetshenziswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla.
Igesi yemvelo: Igesi yemvelo iwukusetshenziswa kwamandla wesibili okuphezulu kakhulu eSpain ngo-2016, ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-25035 KTEP. Kuyinhlanganisela yama-hydrocarbon akhishwe kumadiphozithi angahle abe seduze kwediphozi kawoyela noma yamalahle. La mandla kufanele acutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuthi asetshenziselwe izinjongo zasekhaya noma ezentengiselwano, futhi anezicelo eziningi embonini, emakhaya, noma ezokuthutha, njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Ama-biofuels nama-agrofuels
Ama-biofuels angamandla atholakala enhlanganisweni yezinto ezahlukahlukene eziphilayo. Kutholakala ezinhlotsheni zezolimo ezifana nomdumbula, ummbila, ubhontshisi, ubhekilanga, izihlahla zesundu ngisho nezinhlobo zamahlathi ezinjengephayini noma u-eucalyptus.
Ama-biofuels amakhulu yi-bioethanol ne-biodiesel. ESpain, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-biomass, i-biofuels kanye nemfucumfucu evuselelekayo kwakuyi-6688 KTEP ngo-2016, isendaweni yesithupha kweminye imithombo yamandla.
Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki: amandla enuzi
Yize kukhona umehluko omkhulu emandleni enuzi maqondana namanye amandla angavuseleleki. Futhi ukuthi lolu hlobo lwamandla alukhiqizi ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwalo, kepha lwakha inqwaba yemfucumfucu eyingozi enemisebe okunzima ukuyilungisa. Kumele futhi kungezwe ukuthi imfucuza ithi igcina ingcolise imvelo futhi ukuba nemithelela emibi enhlabathini, emanzini nasemoyeni.
Amandla enuzi amandla akhiqizwa ukubola kwama-athomu e-uranium. La mandla okushisa abilisa amanzi atholakala kuma-reactor enuzi futhi aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ngama-turbine.
I-uranium ingumbiwa onomkhawulo otholakala emvelweni, okwenza ibe ngumthombo ongavuseleleki. ESpain, ngokusho kombiko woMnyango Wezezimboni, Amandla Nezokuvakasha, la mandla asebenzisa i-15.260 KTEP yamandla, ebeka endaweni yesithathu kweminye imithombo yamandla.
Uma sibheka emuva emithonjeni emikhulu yamandla engavuseleleki, siyabona ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusengaphezu kwemicabango yethu. Iqiniso lokulalela njalo izindaba ezingamandla avuselelekayo lingasenza sicabange ukuthi sifeze ukuzibophezela kwethu emvelweni, kepha akunjalo.
Ubuhle nobubi
Kumele sazi ukuthi imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki inezinzuzo nokubi. Akuyona yonke into engaba mnyama noma imhlophe ngokwamandla. Okokuqala, cabanga ukuthi ziyini izinzuzo. Ake sizibhale:
- Ukutholakala kwamafutha ezimbiwa kanye namalahle kuhle.
- Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa le mithombo yamandla buthuthukiswe kahle.
Lezi zinto ezimbili, phakathi kwezinye ezimbalwa, yizo ezenza amandla angenakuvuselelwa abize izindleko zokuncintisana njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla. Ukushintshela empucukweni enikwa amandla yimithombo yamandla evuselelekayo kuzodinga izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni esisebenzisa ngayo namandla.
Manje sizohlaziya ukuthi yini okuyinkinga ngemithombo yamandla engavuseleleki:
- Lapho imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki inyamalala, azinakushintshwa noma zivuselelwe.
- Ukukhishwa kwamandla angavuseleleki kanye nemikhiqizo abayishiya ngemuva kudala umonakalo emvelweni. Akungabazeki ukuthi izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zinomthelela ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke.
- Lapho kushiswa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, ama-nitrous oxides abangela ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali i-sulfur dioxide idala imvula ene-asidi futhi kukhishwa amagesi abamba ukushisa.
- Okubi kakhulu kumandla angavuseleleki inselelo yokweqa umkhuba wokuthembela kuwo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngemithombo yamandla engavuseleleki kanye nezici zayo.