Udoti olwandle yizinkinga zemvelo eziya ziba usongo lomhlaba jikelele. Ukuqala ukuxazulula le nkinga, i-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) yethule umkhankaso womhlaba wonke wokuqeda yonke imithombo emikhulu yemfucumfucu yolwandle ngonyaka ka-2022.
Umthombo ogqame kakhulu kadoti ipulasitiki nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngokungakhethi ngabantu. Ngabe lolu hlelo kuhloswe ngalo ukufeza ini?
Ingabe kukhona amapulasitiki amaningi kunezinhlanzi olwandle?
I-UN icele ohulumeni ukuthi basebenzise izinqubomgomo ezifaka isandla ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki, kokubili ekupakisheni nasezitolo ezinkulu nakwezinye. Bacela nokuthi abathengi bahlukane nomkhuba wokusebenzisa nokulahla oplastikhi nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
Ukulahlwa kwalo doti olwandle kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ezimileni nasezilwaneni. Uma izinga lokungcola liqhubeka kanjena, umonakalo owenzeka olwandle ungahle ungalungiseki. Eduzane ne- Amaphesenti angama-90 awo wonke udoti ontanta olwandle yipulasitikiNgakho-ke, inhlangano icele imboni ukuthi inciphise ukupakisha okwenziwe ngale nto.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula futhi yonke into icutshungulwa ngokwengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kuyanda futhi, ngakho-ke, inani lamathani kadoti wepulasitiki owenziwayo. Amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisishiyagalombili ala mapulasitiki akhiqizwa futhi adedelwa olwandle unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kulingana nokubona iloli kadoti eligcwele amapulasitiki umzuzu nomzuzwana olwandle.
Uma siqhubeka ngaleli zinga, i-UN ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2050, kuzoba khona amapulasitiki amaningi olwandle kunezinhlanzi. Futhi, Izinyoni zasolwandle ezingama-99% zizofakelwa ngepulasitiki ngengozi, okungaholela ekufeni.
Umonakalo odalwe yimvelo yasolwandle ngokulahlwa okuqhubekayo kwepulasitiki olwandle, amanani kuya ezigidini ezingama-8.000 zamaRandi, ngoba azilimazi nje kuphela izitshalo nezilwane zale ndawo, kodwa futhi zithinta nokudoba, ukusebenza kwazo kanye nezokuvakasha. Izivakashi azifuni ukugeza emabhishi angcolile nasogwini olugcwele upulasitiki ezintantayo.
“Sesifikile isikhathi sokubhekana nenkinga yepulasitiki elimaza izilwandle zethu. Ukungcola okuvela kulolu daba sekuzulazula emabhishi ase-Indonesia, kuhlala phansi olwandle eNorth Pole futhi kufinyelela amatafula ethu ngochungechunge lokudla ”, kuphawula umqondisi omkhulu we-UNEP, u-Erik Solheim.
Amazwe awusekela kakhulu lo mkhankaso
Lo mkhankaso usekelwa amazwe amaningi, kepha phakathi kwamaningi sithola i-Uruguay. Leli lizwe lizinikele ukukhokhisa intela izikhwama zokusetshenziswa okukodwa ngokuhamba konyaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, elinye izwe elisekela lo mkhankaso yiCosta Rica, izinyathelo zalo elifuna ukuzenza ziqukethe ukunciphisa inani lamapulasitiki asetshenziswayo nalahlwayo ngenxa yokuthuthuka kokuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nemfundo eyanele yemvelo.
Inhloso yalo mkhankaso kanye nalawa mazwe awusekelayo uku ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ngemithethonqubo ebhekana nazo zonke lezi zinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhloswe ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izindlela kubasebenzi abasemkhakheni wemfucuza ukuze bathuthukise izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezazisa umphakathi ngomthelela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki emvelweni.
Izimonyo nazo zingcolisa izilwandle
Asikhulumi nje kuphela ngezikhwama zepulasitiki, kodwa futhi nangama-microbeads asetshenziswa kwimikhiqizo yezimonyo. Lezi zinhlayiya ze-microplastic zifinyelela ku- amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-51 futhi akwazi ukudlalisa izilwandle, esongela kakhulu imifula nezilwane zasolwandle.
Le nhlangano inethemba lokuthi izomemezela inqubekelaphambili ekulweni kwayo nepulasitiki olwandle ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela Yezilwandle ezoba ngoJuni eNew York nangesikhathi seNgqungquthela Yezemvelo ehlelelwe uDisemba eNairobi.