El I-Pinus canariensis edume kakhulu njengeCanary Island pine, ungomunye wemiphini embalwa ezenzakalelayo etholakala endaweni yaseSpain. Lesi isihlanganisi esihle esivela eziqhingini zaseCanary, lapho esiphenduke uphawu lwemvelo lwesiqhingi saseLa Palma.
Lesi isitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu esingasithola kalula engadini, ngokuba ne- ukukhula okusheshayo futhi ngokulima okulula, ngakho-ke kwenza lokhu kube wuhlobo oluphelele ukuba lube yisibonelo sodwa noma kungabekwa futhi njengothango olude lokuvikela.
I-canary pine ecosystem yemvelo
Iphayini leCanary Island litholakala lakha amahlathi amsulwa noma axubekile nezinye izitshalo eziphakeme njenge I-Myrica faya, the Ilex canariensis noma i I-Adenocarpus viscosus eziqhingini zaseCanary, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zaseTenerife, eLa Palma, eGran Canaria nase-El Hierro, yize kuyabonakala naseLa Gomera. Ihlala endaweni ephakeme phakathi kwamamitha ayi-100 kanye no-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle, emhlabathini ompofu, owomile onamapayipi amahle.
Ngenxa yokuvela kwayo, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi ivumelane nokuba sesimweni lapho imililo iyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo, ngakho-ke namuhla kungenye yezinhlobo eziphikisana kakhulu nomlilo, ihlume ngemuva nje kokucinywa komlilo.
Uma sikhuluma ngesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo liphakathi kuka-15 no-19ºC, ngemvula ephakathi kuka-300 no-600mm, ukuze isikhathi sayo sokukhula sithathe ingxenye enhle yonyaka.
Izici
Isihlahla sikaphayini seCanary Island esigabeni saso esidala singaba nesilinganiso esingafinyelela kumamitha angama-40 ukuphakama ngamamitha ayi-2,5 ububanzi esiqwini, ngaphandle kokuthi okuvame kakhulu ukuthi kungamamitha ayi-15 noma angama-25 kuphela ukuphakama futhi ububanzi okungenani imitha elilodwa.
Amagxolo alo muthi anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo futhi ngokuvamile abushelelezi ezihlahleni ezisencane, kepha uma esekhulile lena iqina ngokushesha okukhulu futhi iqhekeka kalula, ithatha umbala obomvu ngokunsundu kancane.
Lezo zinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zine-rhytidoma ekhuluphele kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile, futhi kwakha amapuleti abushelelezi futhi zimise okwengilazi. Ngokuvamile zinombala ompunga ofana nomlotha.
Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokuqala yokuphila lo muthi uvame ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngamagatsha awo ahlelwe ngokuvundlile futhi anamagatsha wesibili amaningi amile, okwenza ukubonakala kwesihlahla esishiwo kube nokuma kwepiramidi. Kamuva lapho ukukhula maqondana nokuphakama kunqamuka, kwenzeka ukuthi kube nesimo se-parasol.
Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo aluhlaza okotshani, acicular, okuthi babe nentuthuko yabo ngaphezulu kwamahlumela alowo nyaka, iqonde futhi iphuzi ngombala ekhula ngeziqu eziwugqinsi, enesimo se-oval-cylindrical futhi embozwe izikali ezinembala zombala obomvu ngokubomvu.
Lona uphayini lowo inezinaliti ezintathu zepod ngayinye futhi ukuphela kwohlobo lwalo olutholakala entshonalanga ye-Eurasia, ngakho-ke okuseduze kakhulu kusezintabeni zaseHimalaya, okufana kakhulu nophayini waseCanary Island.
Isikhathi saso sokuqhakaza siqala ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Ama-inflorescence wesilisa ahlukaniswe nabesifazane, kusukela lezo zesilisa zikwezinye izipikha eziyindilinga futhi cishe ngamasentimitha ama-5 kuya kwayi-10 ubude, anombala ophuzi onemibala eluhlaza okhiwe ngeziqu eziningi ezinenqwaba enkulu yempova.
Izimbali ezingabesifazane zitholakala ku-strobili ethile eyodwa leyo zinombala oluhlaza okotshani obomvu nokuthi uma zivuthwa ziba yizigaxa noma izigaxa ezinombala onsundu ngokubomvu futhi ezicwebezelayo, futhi lokho kungaba phakathi kwamasentimitha angaba ngu-12 kuya kwayi-18 ubude nobubanzi obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angaba ngu-8 kuya kwayi-10 engxenyeni ethi ebanzi.
Isithelo lesi senziwe ngezikali ezihlaliswa eceleni kwe-eksisi eqinile futhi evuleka kuphela uma izimo zezulu zilungile. ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona ukoma emvelweni. Lapho izimo ezifanele zihlangatshezwa, zehlukanisa izikali ezishiwoyo noma isigaxa sesitshalo siwe njengoba izimpiko zikhishwa lapho zifika phansi.
Ukunakekelwa nokulinywa kweCanary Island pine
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe- I-Pinus canariensis lenziwa ngezimbewu. Ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo ezinye imbewu zifakwa ku-substrate bese isentimitha lomhlaba libekwe kulezi, njalo ukugcina umswakama we-substrate. Ngaphambi kokutshala kunconywa ukuthi ufake imbewu emanzini amahora angama-24; ngemuva kwesonto ziqala ukuhluma, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele ukuvimbela ukuvela kwesikhunta esithile.
Enye yezinto ezihlukile lolu hlobo lukaphayini olunalo yilokho has efihlekile phezu kwezinkuni.
Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla aludingi ukunakekelwa noma ukunakekelwa okukhethekile njengasesimweni sezitshalo zezolimo, noma kunjalo, kudinga izici ezibalulekile enhlabathini nasesimo sezulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zikaphayini uncamela inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye ne-esidi encaneKodwa-ke, iyakwazi ukumelana nenhlabathi yobumba ne-limestone ngoba inamandla okuphila kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Lesi ngesinye sezizathu sokuthi kungani abantu abaningi bevame ukuhlangana namantongomane ephayini cishe noma kuphi. Yize umuthi omelana kahle, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuzitshala ezindaweni ezisengozini yokuminyana kwamanzi.
Abadingi inani elikhulu lamanzi ukuze baphile, empeleni, ziyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu inqobo nje uma ingeqi ku-40 ° C. Ukushisa okuphansi akubonakali kuyinkinga nayo, ngoba ingamelana no -20 ° C, noma kunjalo, ngo - 10 ° C ingaletha umonakalo omkhulu emaqabungeni nasezicutshini.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe- I-Pinus canariensis
El I-Pinus canariensis inenani elikhulu ezingeni lamahlathi. Lezi zinhlobo ezithile zisetshenziselwa kabanzi amahlathi, ngenxa ye- ukujwayela ngokushesha kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi futhi emva kwesikhashana kuthatha ukukhula, ikakhulukazi kuleyo nhlabathi encane eguqukile.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwako okuhle ukubaza, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezilukhuni, kusukela amaphayini etiye ayindlala impela ikakhulu ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu sezinkuni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkuni ezimhlophe ezitholakala kulezi zikaphayini zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ezinye izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni, kanti ukhuni lwetiye, lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekubazeni nasekwenzeni amakhabethe. Phambilini lolu hlobo lwezinkuni lwalusetshenziselwa ukwenza uphahla lwezindlu namasonto.
ICanary Island pine nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yemithi yayo, kusukela kuhle kakhulu ekwelapheni izinkinga zokuphefumulaKanye ne-asthma ne-bronchitis, i-resin yayo isetshenziselwa ukususa ama-cysts athile futhi nokuvikela emlilweni nakwezinye izinambuzane.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Yize umuthi omelana ngokwanele hhayi kuphela nezimo zemvelo kepha futhi nezinhlekelele zamahlathi, kunenhlupho engabadalela umonakalo omkhulu lezi futhi zaziwa njengodwendwe lukaphayini.
Lezi zibungu ziyakwazi ukumisa ukukhula kwezinhlobo eziningi zikaphayini, zibenze babe sengozini yokuhlaselwa ezinye izinambuzane. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zibungu zingaqedwa ngosizo lwamakhemikhali athile lokho kungavimbela ukusabalala okungalawuleki.