Lokhu kushiwo wumoya wakamuva we-EU i-Eurobarometer, osanda kuqalwa ngonyaka ka-2016, unyaka lapho iZwekazi Elidala lifake kuphela amamegawathi ayi-1.412 wamandla omoya olwandle (uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphezulu kuka-3.000 ngonyaka owedlule), kodwa lokho, ngasikhathi sinye, ibale utshalomali olukhulu kunawo wonke kwezomnotho olwake lwaqoshwa ngonyaka owodwa emoyeni wasogwini eYurophu: Ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-18.200 (40% ngaphezulu kunango-2015).
I-European Union ifinyelele, kusukela ngoDisemba 31, 2016, amandla omoya anqwabelene (onshore and offshore) wamamegawathi ayi-153.600 (12.068 M ngaphezu konyaka odlule). IJalimane yaphinde yaba yinjini yomoya yezwekazi, selokhu engeze kwi-akhawunti yakhe yangasese efinyelela kuma-megawatt amasha angama-5.443 XNUMX. Kusuka kubo -kwazisa i-EurObserv'ER-, angu-824,3 akhelwe kude nolwandle, okuyisimo lapho iJalimane iphinde yaba ngumholi kulo nyaka.
Ngemuva, iHolland, exhume ngo-2016 IGemini Marine Park, isikhungo somoya esihle kakhulu sogu lolwandle esakhiwe ngama-turbines ayi-150 akwa-Siemens ama-megawatt amane (4 MW).
Le paki inamandla aphelele wamamegawathi angama-600, itholakala emanzini aseDashi oLwandle lwaseNyakatho. Kulolo lwandle olufanayo kukhona iGoode Wind 1 neGode Wind 2, womabili azungezwe cishe amakhilomitha angamashumi amane ukusuka ogwini lwaseJalimane. AbakwaNokia, ngasendleleni, banikeze imishini yomoya yamapulazi omoya amathathu. Ngokusho kwe-EurObserv'ER, lokhu kufakwa komoya okuthathu ukuphela kwama-marinas aqede ukuxhumana kwawo negridi yezwekazi ngo-2016.
ngokunemba
I-EurObserv'ER, i-European Observatory for energy renewable, icacisa kulolu hlobo (Umbiko we-2016) ukuthi ayifaki ezibalweni zayo zasolwandle ukufakwa komoya okutholakala eduze nogu, «ngoba izici zabo zibenza bafana kakhulu namapaki omhlaba kunezindawo ezisendaweni engamakhilomitha amaningi ukusuka olwandle«. I-European Observatory inikeza isibonelo: I-Westermeerwind, ipaki laseDashi elinamandla amamegawathi ayi-144 amandla alo omoya atholakala ngqo ogwini - «ipulazi lomoya eliseduze» - futhi ebelixhunywe ngokuphelele kugridi ngonyaka odlule (2016).
Kwakukhona nokunqanyulwa
Ibhalansi yango-2016, esanda kushicilelwa yi-European Observatory for Renewable Energy, ifaka nokunqanyulwa. I-Windfloat ubelokhu eyi-protagonist yomunye wabo. Kwenzeka ogwini lwasePortugal, lapho lo moya ophehla ugesi omncane ongu-megawatt, owawusendaweni yesikhulumi esintantayo, sekuhlolwe iminyaka emihlanu. Inhloso? Hlanganisa imininingwane inkampani ezoyisebenzisa ukwenza ngcono isiphakamiso sayo esintantayo. I-prototype nayo inqanyuliwe, wamamegabhayithi amahlanu kuleli cala, eHooksiel (eJalimane).
Imibono yomkhakha
Ngaphandle kwezinombolo zika-2016, i-EurObserv'ER imemezela ukuthi i- i-biennium esivele isihola (2017-2018) izokwethula izinombolo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunalezo ezibhaliswe ngo-2016. Ngalo mqondo, i-barometer yaseYurophu ikhomba njengomthombo wabaqashi beZwekazi Elidala, I-WindEurope, ngokusho kwayo ekuqaleni konyaka we-2017 engekho ama-megabyte angaphansi kwama-4.800 esigabeni sokwakha, kugunyazwe ngaphezulu kwama-24.200 kanye nengqikithi yama-65.600 esigabeni sokuklama. Ngokusho kweWindEurope, ngokwezomnotho, utshalomali lukhule ngo-2016 kuze kufike ezigidini ezingama-18.200 zama-euro (amaphrojekthi ayishumi nanye athola uxhaso). Leyo mali icishe ibe ngama-40% ngaphezu kwaleyo ebhaliswe ngo-2015.
Ipulazi lomoya elingasolwandle elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni
Njengamanje, ipulazi lomoya elikhulu kunawo wonke elisogwini olusogwini lwaseKent (eNgilandi). Yize iyipaki enkulu kunazo zonke, abagqugquzeli bayo bahlela ukukhulisa amandla ayo kuze kufike ku-870 MW esigabeni sesibili kulindwe ukuvunywa.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emine yokwakhiwa nokutshalwa kwezimali okungaphezulu kwe- Izigidi ezingu-2.200 ama-euro, ipaki yakhiwe Ama-injini omoya angu-175 amaVestas SWT, Lokhu kunabela olwandle okuhlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-100 ebangeni lamakhilomitha angama-20 ukusuka ogwini lwaseKent, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi.
Isilinganiso se- 450 amakhilomitha izintambo zasemanzini kanye iziteshi ezimbili ezingasolwandle, okwenza amandla abe maphakathi namandla akhiqizwa imishini yomoya ngaphambi kokuyihambisa iye emhlabathini ngaphakathi.
Ukuhlanganisa imishini yomoya
Ngokufakwa kweturbine yomoya ngayinye osebeni lolwandle, kuye kwadingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe imeshi ejwayelekile yezinqwaba ezivumelaniswe nezici ezithile zolwandle, ngokujula okuhluka phakathi kwamamitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-25 kuye ngecala. Lezi zisekeli zivumela ukuthi imishini yenjini ngayinye iphakanyiswe IVestas SWT-3.6MW-120 ngenhla kogu lolwandle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zisebenza njengesisekelo sokudlulisa isisindo saso sifike ku- Amathani we-225 emhlabathini.
Imishini yomoya ngayinye engu-175 inokuphakama kwe- Amamitha angu-147, Amamitha angu-90 ubukhulu be-Rotor nobude be-blade Amamitha angu-58,5. Ukuthuthwa kwamandla akhiqizwe ngamunye wabo, kukhona 210 km yekhebula lomkhumbi wamanzi elixhuma u-turbine ngamunye neziteshi ezimbili ezingasolwandle, bese zona zixhuma nokufakwa esikhundleni Cleve hill emhlabathini owomile ngokusebenzisa Izintambo ezi-4 ezingama-150 kV efinyelela kufayela le- 220 km yobude.
Ngokwezibalo zabagqugquzeli, ngo-2012 ipulazi lomoya elingasolwandle elalikhona kuze kube yimanje lahlinzeka cishe nge 1,5% kagesi, kodwa nge-London Array lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke ngaphezu kwe- 5% ngaleyo ndlela ugwema ukuphuma kwe- Amathani we-925.000 i-CO2 yonyaka.
Ukwamukelwa kwamandla omoya njengenye yezinto ezingcolisa kakhulu nokuphepha endaweni yamandla yaseYurophu sekuqala ukudlala indima efanele ekukhiqizweni kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke. Endabeni yomoya wasogwini, amandla akhiqizwa ama-turbine anomthelela omncane ku imvelo, Akudingi ukulahlwa noma ukususwa komhlaba, futhi ukutholakala ngasogwini lolwandle, kunomthelela nolaka oluncane ezilwaneni nohlaza uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya ovamile.
Ukunwetshwa kwesikhathi esizayo
ILondon Array isidlulile obekulindelwe yipulazi lomoya IGesGuMbikude, ingqalasizinda esendaweni efanayo kuze kube manje ibambe isihloko sendawo enkulu kunazo zonke ipulazi lomoya elwandle emhlabeni onamandla afakiwe we I-500 MW. Kepha akupheleli lapho.
Ngombono wokuqhubeka nokuhola umjaho obabazekayo emoyeni wasogwini owenziwe yi-United Kingdom, abagqugquzeli beLondon Array manje bahlose ukukhulisa amandla ayo kusuka ku-630 MW wamanje kuye ku 870. Lesi sigaba sesibili sisalinde ukuvunywa yiziphathimandla ezinamakhono ahlukahlukene, kepha sizohlanganisa leli pulazi lomoya njengelikhulu kunawo wonke ake akhiwa. Kulesi 2017 sizoba nempendulo?
Ngiyalithanda igama elithi "ukusebenzisana", ngenxa yegama kanye nencazelo yalo, futhi "nomnotho oyisiyingi", konke lokhu kusetshenziswe kogesi abaphehla ulwandle ukuze bakwazi ukusiza ukuchaza izindawo zokudoba ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo nokwakhiwa kwamapulazi olwandle nolwasemhlabeni amapulazi omoya enza lula imikhondo yehlathi futhi abelane ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokubamba amahlathi ezingxenyeni zokuqala zotshalo-mali: ukwakhiwa kokufinyelela ezintabeni futhi ngasikhathi sinye kube lula ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokuzingela
nokukhula kwayo futhi kubulale izinyoni ezingama-30 ngetshe elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, uma kungenzeka, kungenzeka. Ngiyaziqonda izindawo zokuzingela njengezindawo zokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezinyamazane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo, inzuzo ethe xaxa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha zaseYurophu kanye nokuphindaphinda abantu bethu baseSiberia.
Ukuzingela kunomthelela ekusindeni kwezinhlobo zabantu, nazo ezinamalungelo njengezilwane ebesilokhu sikhona, kanye nokusinda kwezindawo zaseSpain ezisendleleni eya kubantu, ezilwaneni, "sensu strict", esihlahleni nasekudalweni kwezitshalo okuhlukahlukene.