Amandla avuselelekayo ngokungangabazeki ikusasa esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside, isidingo sokufuna ezinye izinhlobo zamandla ukufaka esikhundleni sezinqolobane zezinto ezimbiwa phansi eziya ngokuncipha
Uma sikhuluma ngamandla we-geothermal, sibhekisa kuhlobo lwamandla avuseleleka ngokuphelele, kepha uma uwasebenzisa okuqondile kuphezulu, okungukuthi, amandla wokuvuselelwa kwediphozithi angaphansi kwaleyo yokukhipha, kusho ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kuzolahleka.
Uyini amandla we-geothermal?
Amandla we-geothermal amandla avuselelekayo lokho kusizakala ngokushisa komhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba ukuze ungene esimweni somoya futhi uthole amanzi ashisayo ahlanzekile ngendlela yezemvelo. Yize ingenye yemithombo yamandla evuselelekayo okungaziwa kancane, imiphumela yayo iyamangalisa ukubabaza emvelweni. Impela sonke singazikhumbula izithombe zentaba-mlilo i-Etna eSicily lapho iqhuma ngokuphelele, sike sazama imiphumela yokuphumula yamanzi ashisayo noma ama-fumaroles namagiza ababazekayo, njengalezo ezisepaki laseTimanfaya eLanzarote, isibonelo.
Cishe njalo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngqo ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezithile emhlabeni, lapho kunezimo ezithile. ikakhulukazi, Ngenkathi uma ufuna ukusizakala ngezinhloso ezishisayo, amathuba akhula kakhulu.
Aplicaciones
Izicelo ze-geothermal zincike ezicini zomthombo ngamunye. Izisetshenziswa zokushisa okuphezulu ze-geothermal (ngaphezulu kwe-100-150ºC) zisetshenziselwa kakhulu i- ukukhiqizwa kukagesi. Lapho izinga lokushisa ledamu linganele ukukhiqiza ugesi, ukusetshenziswa kwalo okuyinhloko kuyashisa emikhakheni yezimboni, izinsizakalo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.
historia
ISweden yaba yizwe lokuqala laseYurophu ukusebenzisa i- amandla we-geothermal, njengomphumela wenkinga kawoyela ka-1979. Kwamanye amazwe afana neFinland, i-United States, iJapane, iJalimane, i-Holland neFrance, amandla okushisa okushisa angamandla aziwayo asetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka.
Ubuhle nobubi
Uma sikhuluma ngobuhle nobubi balokhu Umthombo ovuselelekayo, okulandelayo kugqame:
Izinzuzo
- Kuyinto ngokuphelele mahhala futhi asendaweni, ngoba ayincikile kubantu besithathu ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
- Iyavuselelwa ngokwemvelo, nokuthi kusho ukuthini lokho mayelana nokukhishwa kwegesi kusuka abamba ukushisa, futhi ikakhulukazi, isikhutha.
- Ithanda ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wendawo, ngaphezu kokudala uhlobo lwe ukuqashwa okufanele.
Izingqinamba
- Ukusebenza i-thermodynamic izikhungo azikho phezulu kakhulu.
- Ukutshalwa kwemali okukhulu ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukusizakala ngogesi lo mthombo, lapho ngaphezu kwalokho amandla okukhipha awekho phezulu.
- Ukuxhashazwa kwediphozi kuhlala kufaka izinga elithile lokungaqiniseki, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomehluko ongaba khona ekuhloleni nase ukuxhashazwa. Lokhu yilokhu okudala umehluko omkhulu kunzuzo yamaphrojekthi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesisetshenziswa kufanele kwenziwe eduze nendawo lapho kudabuka khona, ukuze kwesinye isikhathi izakhiwo zibe kude nezindawo ezisemadolobheni, ngokuyisisekelo lapho kunomkhiqizo kagesi.
Amandla we-geothermal eSpain
ESpain ukusetshenziswa kwalo mthombo wamandla kucishe kungabi khona, yize lokho kungasho ukuthi awunamandla. Mayelana nokukhiqizwa kukagesi, kuphela Iziqhingi zaseCanary Ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo yentaba-mlilo, bazoba namandla angaba namandla okusingatha ukufakwa, ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngezinhloso ezishisayo sekuvele kungasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi.
Izindaba zakamuva zisiholela eqinisweni lokuthi iGalicia ingaba ngelinye lamadolobha aphayona ekusebenziseni i- amandla we-geothermal wokushisa, umoya opholile namanzi ashisayo ezakhiweni. Sekube nokukhulunywa ngenkampani yokuqala yokukhiqiza iphampu yokushisa
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa neqiniso lamanye amazwe, kunjalo ngendaba yaseChile, lapho i- isitshalo sokuqala se-geothermal eNingizimu Melika , ngokutshalwa kwemali engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-320, okuzokhiqiza amandla emindenini eyi-165000.
Isikhungo sikagesi esifakiwe esingu-48 MW esizokhiqiza cishe i-340 GWh ngonyaka.
Ukukhishwa koketshezi lokushisa oluphansi ngaphakathi komhlaba bese ulusebenzisa, ngokwesibonelo, ekufudumezeni izindlu zokugcina izithombo, kucabanga inzuzo ukukhiqizwa kwe-horticultural, ngoba kuvunyelwe ukutshala ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ze-horticultural ebezingenakwenziwa ngenye indlela.
Emkhakheni wezindawo zokuhlala nezinsizakalo, lo mthombo ungasetshenziswa futhi ngoba udinga amandla kusuka inthalpy ephansi.
Izibonelo ezigqamile zalokhu kusetshenziswa kungaba iphrojekthi yokufaka umoya wezinkundla, amagumbi ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezakhiwo zezentengiso ze- Isiteshi sePacífico Metro edolobheni laseMadrid.