Kune zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinorwisa zvirimwa uye zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya. Zvese izvi zvinosanganisira zvakakura zvehupfumi mutengo uye shanduko mune zvakasikwa ecosystems.
Mumakore achangopfuura, mabhakitiriya Xylla fastidiosa rava chirimwa chine njodzi kwazvo muEurope. Kukuvadza kwaro kwakawanda kwakamanikidza mazana ezviuru emiti yemiorivhi kutemwa kumaodzanyemba kweItari. Ikozvino iri kupararira zvakanyanya kusimba kuburikidza neBalearic Islands.
Xylella fastidiosa, chirwere chinotyisa
Mhosva dzekutanga dzehutachiona hweXylella dzakaitika munaNovember apfuura muzvishongo zvirimwa muMallorca. Nyanzvi mumunda dzakazvivimba dzichifunga kuti dzichasarudzika uye kuti hadzizokanganisa kana kupararira kune zvimwe zvirimwa uye kunyanya zvirimwa. Zvisinei, ivo vakaonekwa uye makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe zviitiko zvakanaka zveXylella muMallorca neEivissa. Mukumisa denda iri, chisarudzo chakagamuchirwa icho chinozivisa dunhu rese reBalearic senzvimbo yakatarwa nedenda iri.
Xylla fastidiosa
Iyi nhanho yakatorwa neHurumende ichaita kuti zvikone kutengesa nechero mhando yemiriwo mhenyu, kuendesa kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Nenzira iyi, chero mhando yekutapurirana inodzivirirwa uye hosha inorapwa. in situ kuitira kuti irege kukonzera kumwe kukuvara. Izvo zvakare kudzivirira Zviuru zvemiti nenzvimbo huru yehuswa zvinotemwa kuti zvigone kutarisana nekutemwa.
MuEuropean Union, ivo vanofunga iyo Xylla fastidiosa pamwe chete nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus mwanakomana zvipembenene zviviri zvine njodzi nyowani-zvinotyisa zvinotyisidzira zvinomera. Kudzivirira kukuvara kwayo, kweanenge makore mana, matanho anodenha uye akaomarara akaiswa kudzora kuwedzera kwayo. Iyo Xylla fastidiosa inokonzeresa kufa kunonoka kwemuti kwaunobata.
Nzvimbo dzakatapukirwa ne Xylla fastidiosa
Kunyangwe hosha yakapararira muItaly uye inozivikanwa se "Dambudziko remuti wemuorivhi", iyo yega nzvimbo yeSpain iyo iyi bhakitiriya yakawanikwa iri muBalearic Islands. Matanho ekutanga ekudzivirira anoshandiswa muMallorca anga asina kukwana. Saka nharaunda yemamita zana yakadhonzwa kuti igone kudzikisa nzvimbo dzine hutachiona. Munzvimbo idzi, zvese zvinogashira zvinomera zvemarudzi zvakabviswa. Iyo 100-kilometre zone yakave yakatemerwawo nzvimbo yemidziyo umo yakarongeka 10 × 100 m mesh yakaiswa. Mune aya meshes, masampula ezvirimwa anoratidza zviratidzo zveXylella uye izvo zvakavakomberedza zvakatorwa, uye ese marudzi evagari veese Xylella subspecies akaongororwa. Nezviito izvi, zvinomera chi100 zvakabviswa zvinoenderana nechengetedzo yepytosanitary precautionary.
Pane idzi ongororo pave paine 71 yakasimbisa positives muMallorca uye 21 muEivissa. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti munhu anogona kutaura nezvekupararira kwebhakitiriya munharaunda yese. Ndokusaka, muhurongwa hwevashumiri hweMugovera, Ndira 21, 2017, kukosha kwekudzivirira kubva kunharaunda yenharaunda yakazvimiririra yemiriwo yese yekudyara, kunze kwembeu, iyo isingatapukirwe nehutachiona, inotsanangurwa.
Hurumende inosimbisa kuti Hurongwa hweHurumende hazviunzi mari yezvehupfumi kana zvakanyanya kushomeka kurasikirwa. Sezvo, kunze kweyekuti Balearic Islands vatengesi vezvinomera zvirimwa kwete vatengesi, iri Gurukota rezvehurongwa rinoderedza mhedzisiro yakaipa yehutachiona Xylla fastidiosa.
Mhando dzakabatwa
Pakati pemiti yakabatwa ne Xylla fastidiosa takasangana na maorivhi, cherry, plamu uye maarimondi. Nezve Mallorca, positives yakaonekwa mumiti yemiorivhi minomwe, gumi nemana yemiorivhi yemusango, mapfumbamwe polygal, matatu cherry miti, imwe plamu uye makumi matatu nemanomwe emuamanda, nepo zvakanaka zveEivissa zvave mumakondohwe maviri, gumi nematanhatu maorivhi, imwe polygal, imwe mimosa bhuruu uye lavender.
Pakupedzisira, chromotic misungo yakaiswa munzvimbo dzine hutachiona hweMallorca. Iyi ndiyo misungo inobvumidza kuvepo kweiyo vector iyo inotumira mabhakitiriya kuti aonekwe. Vhura iyo Dhipatimendi reZoology yeYunivhesiti yeBalearic Islands Tsvagiridzo yakatanga kuona zvingangoita mavekitori ebacteria iyi uye nekudaro tarisa pakuamisa iwo.
Zvinogumbura zvechokwadi.