Simba remhepo ndechimwe chezvakakosha kwazvo pasimba remagetsi anovandudzwa. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuziva chaizvo mashandiro ayo. Iyo turbine yemhepo Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveiyi mhando yesimba. Iine kushanda kwakakwana zvakakwana uye kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi zvinoenderana nepurazi remhepo patiri.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve turbine yemhepo, hunhu hwayo uye mashandiro ayo.
Chii chinonzi turbine yemhepo
Turbine yemhepo chigadzirwa chemishini chinoshandura simba remhepo kuita simba remagetsi. Mhepo turbines akagadzirwa kushandura iyo kinetic simba remhepo kuita echimakanika simba, inova kufamba kwechikwata. Zvino, mune turbine jenareta, iyi mehendi simba inoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi. Magetsi anogadzirwa anogona kuchengetwa mubhatiri kana kushandiswa chaiko.
Kune mitemo mitatu yakakosha yefizikiki iyo inodzora simba riripo remhepo. Mutemo wekutanga unotaura kuti simba rinogadzirwa neturbine rinoenderana nekwere yemhepo inomhanya. Mutemo wechipiri unoti simba riripo rinowirirana nenzvimbo yakatsvairwa yechipara. Simba rinoenderana nekwere yehurefu hwebanga. Mutemo wechitatu unosimbisa kuti kugona kukuru kweiyi turbine yemhepo ndeye 59%.
Kusiyana nemapepuru ekare eCastilla La Mancha kana maNetherlands, mune aya mahwindimhepo mhepo inosundira mashizha kuti atenderere, uye turbini dzemazuva ano dzemhepo dzinoshandisa zvimiro zvakaomarara zvemuchadenga kutora simba remhepo zvakanyanya. Muchokwadi, chikonzero nei turbine yemhepo ichifambisa mashizha ayo yakafanana nechikonzero nei ndege ichigara mumhepo, uye iri nekuda kwechiitiko chemuviri.
Mumhepo turbines, mhando mbiri dzesimba remuchadenga dzinogadzirwa mukati mea rotor blades: imwe inonzi inonzi thrust, inoenderana nekutungamira kwemhepo kuyerera, uye imwe inonzi dhonza, inoenderana nekutungamira kwekuyerera kwemhepo. mhepo.
Dhizaini yemataipi turbine akafanana chaizvo neayo bapiro re ndege uye anoita kunge ekupedzisira mumhepo mamiriro. Pane bapiro re ndege, imwe nzvimbo yakatenderera, asi imwe yacho yakati sandara. Kana mweya uchitenderera nepakati pemagayo eiyi dhizaini, mweya unopfuura nepakati penzvimbo inotsvedza unononoka kupfuura mweya wekufema kuburikidza nedenderedzwa pamusoro. Uyu musiyano wekumhanya nawo unoburitsa musiyano wekumanikidza, uri nani pane yakatsetseka pamusoro pane pane yakatenderera pamusoro.
Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro isimba rinoshanda pane rakatsetseka pamusoro peiyo thruster bapiro. Ichi chiitiko chinonzi "Venturi athari", chinova chikamu chechikonzero che "kusimudza" chiitiko, icho uyezve, inotsanangura chikonzero nei ndege ichiramba iri mumhepo.
Mukati memagetsi emagetsi
Iwo mashizha emhepo turbine anoshandisawo aya maitiro kukonzeresa kutenderera kufamba kwakatenderedza awo akabatana. Chikamu che blade dhizaini inobatsira kutenderera nenzira inoshanda kwazvo. Mukati mejenareta, maitiro ekushandura simba rinotenderera reza kuita simba remagetsi rinoitika nemutemo waFaraday. Inofanira kusanganisira rotor iyo inotenderera pasi pesimba remhepo, yakabatanidzwa kune imwe alternator, uye inoshandura inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi.
Zvinhu zvemhepo turbine
Mabasa anoitwa nechinhu chimwe nechimwe anotevera:
- Rotor: Inounganidza simba remhepo uye inoishandura kuita simba rinotenderera. Kunyangwe mune yakaderera kwazvo mhepo kumhanya mamiriro, dhizaini yayo yakakosha pakutendeuka. Inogona kuonwa kubva kunongedzo yapfuura kuti iyo blade chikamu dhizaini ndiyo kiyi yekuona rotor kutenderera.
- Turbine yekubatanidza kana yekutsigira system: chinja kutenderera kwekufamba kweye chipenga kuenda kutenderera kufamba kwejenareta rotor kwairi kwakabatanidzwa.
- Kuwedzera kana gearbox: Panguva yakajairwa mhepo kumhanya (pakati pe20-100 km / h), iyo rotor kumhanya iri pasi, kutenderera 10-40 kumukira paminiti (rpm); Kugadzira magetsi, jenareta rotor inofanirwa kunge ichishanda pa1.500, 80 rpm, saka iyo nacelle inofanirwa kunge iine system inoshandura kumhanya kubva pakutanga kukosha kuenda kune yekupedzisira kukosha. Izvi zvinoitwa nemuchina wakafanana nebhokisi regear muinjini yemota, iyo inoshandisa seti yemagiya akawanda kutenderedza chikamu chinofamba chejenareta kumhanya kwakakodzera kugadzira magetsi. Iyo zvakare ine brake yekumisa kutenderera kweiyo rotor kana mhepo yakasimba kwazvo (inopfuura 90-XNUMX km / h), iyo inogona kukuvadza chero chinhu chejenareta.
- Jenareta: Iyo rotor-stator gungano inogadzira magetsi emagetsi, ayo anopfuudzwa kune chishandiso kuburikidza netambo dzakaiswa mushongwe inotsigira nacelle, uyezve inopihwa mukati me network. Simba rejenareta rinosiyana pakati pe5 kW yeiyo turbine yepakati uye 5 MW yeyeturu turbine, kunyangwe paine atove gumi MW turbines.
- Zvekuita mota: Inobvumira zvikamu kutenderera kuisa nacelle kwakanangana nemhepo iriko.
- Kutsigira mast: Icho chitsigiro chechimiro chejenareta. Iyo yakakura simba re turbine, ihwo hwakareba urefu hwemashizha uye, nekudaro, iko kwakanyanya kukwirira iko kunofanira kunge kuri nacelle. Izvi zvinowedzera kumwe kuomarara kune dhizaini dhizaini, iyo inofanirwa kutsigira huremu hwejenareta seti. Chipande chinofanirawo kuve neyakaomarara mamiriro ekumira nemhepo yakasimba isina kutyoka.
- Paddles uye anemometers: zvishandiso zviri kumashure kwegondolas zvine majenareta; vanoona mafambiro uye kuyera kumhanya kwemhepo, uye vanoshanda pamashizha kuti avaputse kana kumhanya kwemhepo kuchidarika chikumbaridzo. Pamusoro peichi chikumbaridzo, kune njodzi yekuumbwa kweturbine. Izvi zvinowanzo kuve Savonious turbine mhando dhizaini.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve turbine yemhepo uye nehunhu hwayo.