Oiri irikupararira pane zvipenyu nezvisikwa zvine zvakakomba pamiti nemhuka. Asi kune zvakare kwakave nezvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvinokanganisawo hutano hwemunhu.
Vatsvagiri vanobva kuInstitute of Environmental Science uye Technology (ICTA-UAB), iyo Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) uye iyo Faculty yeVeterinary Medicine yeUAB Vakaita chichemo pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekupararira kwemafuta kune hutano hwevanhu muhuwandu hwevanhu vanogara padyo nenzvimbo dzinotora. Nzvimbo yacho inoenderana nechikamu chemasango anonaya eAmazon ePeru, panotorwa mafuta.
ISGlobal yakaona kuti vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dziri pedyo nekubviswa kwemafuta vari kusangana nezvinhu zvine chepfu. Vanozviita kuburikidza nekumwa kwemvura uye chikafu chakasvibiswa neichi chiitiko uye nekubata kweganda nenyika dzekurima dzinokanganiswa.
Maererano nemasayendisiti vanenge vanhu 638 miriyoni vanogara munyika dzichiri kusimukira vanogara padyo neminda yemafuta, saka vanokanganiswa. Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti huwandu hwevanhu vanokanganiswa hwakakura, kushaikwa kwezvidzidzo pamusoro penyaya kunoreva kuti zvinokuvadza zvinokanganisa kusvibiswa nekusanganiswa kwemafuta kune hutano hwevanhu hazvizivikanwe.
Basa rakagadzirirwa nevatsvagiri kubva kuICTA-UAB, ISGlobal uye iyo Faculty yeVeterinary Medicine yeUAB, rakaburitswa mumagazini Environmental Health. Iri basa rine rakakura chirongwa chesainzi chakagadziriswa neICA-UAB kweanopfuura makore gumi inoongorora huwandu hwekusvibisa kwemafuta. Nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yakadzidzwa iri muPeruvia yeAmazon padyo nemuganhu neEcuador.
Nekudaro, vesaenzi vanoshoropodza kushomeka kwezvidzidzo pamhedzisiro yekudeuka pahutano hwevanhu. Dambudziko rinonyanya kukura kana rikaongororwa kuti mafuta ari kupararira zviuru zvemakiromita kuburikidza nenzizi, sediment uye nevhu. Neiyi nzira, zvinokonzeresawo kusvibiswa muketani yezvikafu nekuti zvinhu zvinokokodzwa uye zvinopfuudza nemvura kuenda kuhove uye kubva kuhove kuenda kumhuka nevanhu.
Masayendisiti akatsigira kuti munzvimbo yeQuechua neAchuar chete mune vanhu Makiromita zana nezana renzizi dzakakanganiswa, 1.100% yeiyo yakazara. Kutenda kuongororo yemifananidzo, zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuti huwandu uhu hwakaenzana nemabhiriyoni emafuta emamiriyoni 2,6.
Muna 2003 nzvimbo ino yesango reAmazon yakaziviswa pamwe mamiriro ekukurumidzira kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwemamiriro ayo akaipa ezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvakaziviswawo mu hutano hwekuzivisa mamiriro muna 2013. Zvisinei, kusvika pari zvino, hakuchina zvinyorwa zvekufa zvine chekuita nekukanganiswa kwemafuta pahutano hwevanhu.
Marti Orta, ICTA-UAB musayendisiti, akatsoropodza:
"Kunyangwe paine hutano husingaonekwe nemhedzisiro yekusangana nemafuta nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinobva mukuchera, remedial kana sanctioning matanho haana kubvira atorwa. Vanhu vanorwara havagone kushanyira chiremba kana kuenda kuchipatara. Inongofa chete uye hazvizivikanwe kuti chii "
Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zviripo munzvimbo ino zvakanangana nekuongorora zvinoitika zvinoburitswa izvi pahutano hwemapoka evashandi vari mukutarisira kwekuchenesa. Asi haina kuongororwa muvagari venzvimbo iyi avo vari panjodzi yekuratidzwa nekusvibiswa kwenguva yakareba.
Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo, musayendisiti weISGlobal, akati:
“Zvakakosha kuti tiongorore zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwakaitwa nemafuta kune vanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzinocherwa, nekuti nguva nenzira dzekuratidzira zvakasiyana. Uyezve, zvidzidzo kusvika parizvino zvakanangana nevashandi uye havadzidze zvinoitika pane huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kunge vari panjodzi, sevana, vakadzi vane nhumbu kana vanhu vane matambudziko ehutano ekare "