La photonics isainzi uye tekinoroji yekugadzira, kutonga, uye kuona mafotoni, ari zvidimbu zvechiedza. Fotonics inosimbisa matekinoroji ehupenyu hwemazuva ese, kubva kumafoni kusvika kumalaptops, Indaneti, zviridzwa zvekurapa, uye tekinoroji yekuvheneka. XNUMXst century ichatsamira zvakanyanya pamafotonics sezana ramakore rechiXNUMX pane zvemagetsi.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva nezve photonics, maitiro ayo uye kukosha.
chii chinonzi photonics
Photonics isayenzi yechiedza. Ndiyo tekinoroji yechizvarwa, kutonga uye kuona kwemafungu emwenje uye mafotoni, ari madiki madiki. Zvinhu zvemafungu uye photon inogona kushandiswa kuongorora zvakasikwa, kurapa zvirwere uye kunyange kugadzirisa mhosva. Masayendisiti ave achidzidza chiedza kwemazana emakore. Mavara emurarabungu anongova chikamu chidiki chese kwese kwemasaisai echiedza, anonzi electromagnetic spectrum. Photonics inoongorora huwandu hwakakura hwewavelengths eredhiyo gamma mwaranzi, kusanganisira X-rays, ultraviolet, uye infrared.
Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechi 1960 apo Sir Isaac Newton akaratidzira kuti chiedza chichena chinoumbwa nemavara akasiyana-siyana echiedza. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, Max Planck uye gare gare Albert Einstein vakakarakadza kuti chiedza zvose zviri zviviri masaisai nechidimbu, dzidziso yakanga ichipokana zvikuru panguva iyoyo. Chiedza chingava sei zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose panguva imwe chete? Kwakazoedza kwakasimbisa hunyambiri uhwu hwechiedza. Izwi rokuti photonics rakaonekwa muna XNUMX, apo Theodore Maiman akagadzira laser.
Mhando huru
Kunyange zvakadaro Hatigone kuona iyo yese electromagnetic spectrum, inooneka uye isingaonekwe mafungu emwenje chikamu chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Photonics iri kwese kwese; mune zvemagetsi zvevatengi (bar code scanners, DVD player, TV remote controls), telecommunications (internet), hutano (kuvhiyiwa kweziso, midziyo yekurapa), kugadzira (kucheka nelaser uye machining), kudzivirira uye chengetedzo (kamera infrared, kuremerwa kunzwa), varaidzo. (holography, laser shows), nezvimwewo.
Kutenderera pasirese, masayendisiti, mainjiniya, uye tekinoroji vanoita tsvakiridzo yekucheka-kumucheto mumunda wephotonics. Sainzi yechiedza inodzidziswawo mukirasi nemamyuziyamu, uko vadzidzisi nevadzidzisi vanogovana chido chavo chemunda nevechidiki uye neruzhinji. Photonics inovhura iyo isingazivikanwe uye inosvika kure nyika yemikana, kuganhurirwa bedzi nokusava nefungidziro.
Kukosha kwephotonics
Photonics inowanikwa mumakamera edhijitari uye mumasikirini emafoni edu uye yakakosha pakugadzirwa kwemaseketi akabatanidzwa anoagadzira. Pamusoro pezvo, kutaura uye data zvatinotumira uye kugamuchira kuburikidza nemafoni edu anoshandurwa kuita mwenje wechiedza kuburikidza nepasi pevhu fiber optic network, sezvakangoita. zvinyorwa, mimhanzi, mifananidzo uye mavhidhiyo anosvika pamidziyo yedu kana tichitsvaga pawebhu. Sei kushandisa chiedza? Nekuti kutumira ruzivo kuburikidza nayo ndicho chinokurumidza, chakavimbika uye chinoshanda chinhu chatiinacho
Kune rumwe rutivi, chiedza chokugadzira chinogona kuwedzera urefu hwezuva, kuchishandisa nokuda kwenhandaro uye mibato inobereka zvibereko uye kupa chengeteko huru. Tekinoroji yekuvhenekesa haina kumira kushanduka, mukutsvaga kweakawanda anoshanda, akasiyana-siyana, ehupfumi uye ane hushamwari hwekuvhenekesa masisitimu emwenje, takabva kumakenduru kuenda kuma LED.
Hatina kumbobvira tambova nechiedza chakasimba kudaro, chine mavara akasiyana-siyana, kusimba, kusimba uye kunogara kwenguva refu. Ma LED ari kuwedzera kushandiswa mumarobhoti, marambi emota uye mudzimba, ivo zvakare vanokwanisa kudzima nekubatidza kwenguva pfupi, zvisingaonekwe nemeso emunhu, izvo zvinozotendera magadzirirwo edu ekuvhenekesa kutishandira panguva imwe chete kwemakore akati wandei Kuvheneka neInternet kubatana kunopihwa. Iyi tekinoroji iri kubuda inonzi Li-Fi.
Batsirwa
Nerubatsiro rwechiedza, kureba, tembiricha, deformation, matatu-dimensional chimiro chezvinhu uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinosiyana, kuyerwa kunogona kuitwa nekunyatso kusingaenzaniswi uye nenzira isiri-invasive. Chiedza chinogonawo kutipa ruzivo pamusoro pechinhu chinochiburitsa uye nepakati chachinofamba nacho.
Naizvozvo, tinogona kuishandisa kuongorora uye kunzwisisa zvakasikwa, kuona kuvepo kwezvinosvibisa, kuona kunaka kwechikafu uye zvinwiwa, huturu hwezvimwe zvinhu, nezvimwe. Chiedza chinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuona muvanhu, kuparadza mapundu ari mumuviri nenzira isinganyanyi kupindira uye isingarwadze, ongorora zvimwe zvirwere panguva yekutanga uye kupa kurapa kunoshanda kunoparadza maronda pasina kukuvadza sangano rehutano hwakanaka.
Photonics inoshandiswa muhupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese: barcode kuverenga muzvitoro zvikuru, maDVD player, zviratidziro zveterevhizheni uye zvidzoreso zviri kure mudzimba dzedu, mapurojekita uye masisitimu ekutarisa mavhidhiyo mumabhaisikopo, nezvimwe. Kuonekwa kwekunyepedzera, kurima, masensa, kuona kwekugadzira, maikorosikopu, materesikopu, ma lasers, indasitiri yemotokari, huwandu hwemashandisirwo hwakakura kwazvo zvekuti pachine zvakawanda zvitsva zvinouya.
Chiitiko ichi chave chichiitwa makore maviri ega ega kubvira 2014 uye makambani akawanda uye akawanda, nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa, masangano edzidzo uye masangano anobatanidzwa mumifananidzo kubva pasirese anopinda kusimudzira kukosha kwayo munharaunda. Zuva iri rakasarudzwa nekuti musi wa21 Gumiguru 1983, General Conference on Weights and Measures yakagamuchira kukosha kwenguva dzose 299.792,458 km pasekondi yekumhanya kwechiedza muvacuum.
Nyika dzakabudirira dzinonzwisisa kuti mafotonics achaita basa rakakura muhupfumi hwenyika. Iyo data inoratidza kuti musika wepasi rose wephotonics wakasvika € 350 bhiriyoni muna 000 uye inotarisirwa kukwira kusvika ku2011 bhiriyoni muna 615.. EU inoona mafotonics akasanganiswa nemicroelectronics uye nanoelectronics, nanotechnology, biotechnology, zvigadzirwa zvepamberi uye tekinoroji yekugadzira se 'kiyi tekinoroji', iyo yakatwasuka, inoshandiswa munhamba huru yemaindasitiri, inosimudzira hunyanzvi uye inobatsira kunharaunda huru. matambudziko anopa mhinduro. Aya matekinoroji akakosha anozopa nyika nematunhu anovandudza nekuvashandisa basa rehutungamiriri mukugadzira hupfumi hwepamberi, hunogara uye hwakasvibira.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve photonics uye maitiro ayo.