Chinangwa chikuru chekurima kwakasimba kurima ivhu richiremekedza zvisikwa zvezvisikwa uye kurarama kwayo. Mukati meiyi nzvimbo yakafara yetsvagiridzo yakabuda semhinduro kubudiriro yakadzika uye nekukanganisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza, kune akati wandei mamodheru ekugadzira neimwe nzira uye inochengetedza: kurima organic, biodynamic kurima, kurima kwakabatana uye. permaculture.
Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi permaculture, chii hunhu hwayo, mabhenefiti uye kukosha.
Chii chinonzi permaculture
Permaculture ihurongwa hwakavakirwa pamusimboti wakasimba: kugadzira mapurazi nenzira inoremekedza zvisikwa zvakasikwa. Izwi rekuti permaculture, iro rinosanganisira mazwi echiRungu zvachose uye tsika, rinonyatsotsanangura uzivi uhwu nezvahunoreva mune zvakasiyana magariro. kunze kwebudiriro yekurima pachayo, sedhizaini, mainjiniya, manejimendi ezvekurima, etc. Iko kushanduka kwezwi guru uye rekutanga: permaculture.
Permaculture inoendeka, inoshanda uye inobudirira nekuti inoda hukama hunenge huri pakati pemurimi nevhu. Saka nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera seti yemisimboti yekumhanyisa modhi zvinobudirira, mamwe acho ari:
- Tarisa zvakasikwa uye dzidza maitiro azvinoita.
- Kohwa simba rinogoneka worichengeta.
- Barai michero zvine mwero.
- Gadzira tsvina shoma.
Zvakanakira zvepermaculture
Permaculture saka ine mabhenefiti akakosha pamusoro pemamwe matunhu ebudiriro modhi uye inoratidzirwa ive yakagadzikana, inoshanda uye inoshanda:
- Alternative kune industry agriculture
- Inobvumira kuva muridzi nekusingaperi wevhu rinorimika
- Kudzorerwa kwevhu rakaora
- Deredza kusvibiswa
- Gadzira chikafu chine hutano
- Inobatsira kusimazve masango, kubatana, kuzviriritira uye kubatana pakati pevarimi
- Inokurudzira kushandiswa kwakanaka kwesimba uye kushandiswa zvine musoro kwemhepo, mvura, ivhu ...
Dzimwe nhoroondo
Mukupera kwema1920, Joseph Russell Smith akatanga izwi rokuti "permaculture" mubhuku pamusoro pekudyara kwemiti, achikurudzira kuedza kuibatanidza nezvimwe zvirimwa. Iyi nhanho yekutanga yakakurudzira varimi vazhinji vakatanga kuidzidzira kunyangwe muJapan, saToyohiko Kagawa, uyo akapayona muJapan kwemakore gumi akatevera. Bhuku racho rakanyandurawo tsvakiridzo itsva pamusoro pebetsero dzayo pakugovera mvura nokutarisira kugoverwa.
Asi hazvina kusvika kuma1970 apo permaculture yakaputika. Akazviita kuAustralia, uko Dr. Bill Morrison naDavid Holmgren vakagadzira pfungwa yavo yezvekurima kurwisa nzira dzehasha dzakatangwa mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Kubva ipapo, maonero ake akaonekwa muzvinyorwa zvakawanda, achiwedzera uye achigadzira gakava rinodiwa zvakanyanya muchikamu chekurima.
Permaculture muenzaniso wekuti vanhu vanorarama sei mukuwirirana zvakakwana nemhoteredzo yechisikigo, vachiiremekedza uye nekubatana nayo mukugadzira chikafu. Iyi nheyo yehutsika yehutano hwechisikigo uye kubudirira yakakosha zvikuru.
main fundamentals
Zvinangwa zvinotevedzwa nepermaculture zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemichina inokurudzira kushandiswa kwakakwana kwesimba, kuderedza kutsamira kwevanhu pahurongwa hunopedza zviwanikwa zviripo. pfungwa inokosha Iko kubatana pakati pevanhu, kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo uye nharaunda, kupfuura pfungwa yemakwikwi.
Zvinoenderana nepermaculture parameters, kusimba kwehurongwa kunoyerwa maererano nekuti inoburitsa simba rakawanda kupfuura yainoshandisa, uye inochengetedza chiyero maererano nekugadzirwa kwesango uye kuparadzwa, kudzokorodza, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinovaka muviri.
Chaizvoizvo, permaculture ndiko kusimba, nzira yekurarama nekunzwa hunhu hwakatitenderedza, kudzoreredza kusakara nekubvaruka kwakagadzirwa nemasikirwo, uye kugadzira zviwanikwa nenzira inogoneka kuitira kuzadzikiswa kwevanhu nepasi ratiri kugara kuti tibatsirwe.
Maererano nepfungwa iyi, permaculture inogona kuitwa chero kupi uye chero nguva mumaguta nemataundi, kubva kuminda midiki yemichero kusvika kuminda mikuru. Chinokosha kutora mutoro. Zvakadai semabharukoni, patio, mahwindo, asiwo mapoka ekuita zvekusimudzira, mubatanidzwa wevatengi, kuunganidza marara, masangano kana mapoka. kushandisa ivhu risina munhu, kudyara miti nezvirimwa zvakasiyana, nezvimwewo. Kusika uye fungidziro zvinogona kusimudzira permaculture munzira dzinenge dzisingaperi.
edge effect
Imwe pfungwa yepermaculture ndiyo inonzi "edge effect". Ndiyo mhedzisiro yejuxtaposition yenzvimbo dzakapesana mukati meiyo imwechete system.. Zvinotendwa kuti ndipo panosangana zvinopesana ndipo panobva kugadzirwa kwakanyanya. Muenzaniso igungwa. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakajairika kugadzira spirals mumagadheni emiriwo kana kudzoreredza mahombekombe egungwa mumadziva, pane echinyakare madenderedzwa kana maovha.
Permaculture munyika
Mapurojekiti ePermaculture akapararira pasirese, uye nyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi maviri dziri kugadzira mienzaniso yezvirongwa zvebudiriro zvinotangwa nekusimudzira kuzvipira munharaunda uye kuwedzera kwemafungiro ezvakatipoteredza. Rubatsiro rwezvigadzirwa zve organic runobatsira mukusimudzirwa kwepermaculture.
Mukuwedzera kwezvinokosha izvi, Ma social network uye maforamu paInternet chishandiso chinopa akawanda mikana, pakati pavo kuumbwa kwemapoka ekuita, kukurudzira kwechiito, ruzivo rwepfungwa, rubatsiro, maitiro, nhau, nezvimwe.
Kugadzira mahara. Kubva pakudzokorodza, kuunganidza nekuchengetedza mvura, kuunganidza mvura kubva mukudonha kwechando, mvura yemvura, kudzoreredzwa kwekushandiswa uye tsika dzechinyakare zvekurima, sematangi, nezvimwe. Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuburitsa kukosha kwakanaka kwepermaculture zvinogona kubva kune zvakawanda zvinhu, kubva kune howa hunogona kukura panzvimbo isina chinhu, rustic fenicha, kushandiswa kwemarasha emagetsi ekupisa, kuvandudzwa kwezvinomera zvinodyiwa zvisina kujairika, kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvephytosanitary, nezvimwe.
Muchikamu chesimba, simba remhepo rinoshandiswa zvakanaka, asi simba rezuva rinogona kutorwa mu photovoltaic panels pamatenga edzimba kana mumapuranga emagetsi munzvimbo dzisingagone kurima. Mukugadzirwa kwesimba rinopisa, kuwedzera kune marasha, sezvataona, biomass kubva pamiti, mbeu yemuorivhi, kukuya kwehuni kunowedzera kushandiswa, nezvimwewo. Iyo mafuta echisikigo ane high calorific value, inogona kushandiswa zvakare uye inoremekedzwa nenharaunda.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chii chinonzi permaculture uye maitiro ayo.