Nhasi tichataura nezvenyaya yakanyanya kufukidzwa mubiology uye nekukosha kukuru. Izvo ndezve iyo oligosaccharides. Iwo mamorekuru ayo anoumbwa pakati pe2 kusvika gumi monosaccharide masara uye akabatanidzwa neglycosidic zvisungo. Aya oligosaccharides anogona kuwanikwa mune dzakasiyana siyana chikafu-chakafuma chikafu senge matomatisi, mukaka, hanyanisi, bhari, rye, uye gariki, pakati pevamwe.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza nezvese hunhu, mashandiro uye kukosha kweoligosaccharides.
Mhando huru
Kukosha kweoligosaccharides kunotanga muindasitiri yezvokudya uye kurima. Uye ndezvekuti munzvimbo idzi kutarisisa kukuru kwakabhadharwa nezviito zvaro muma prebiotic, indigestible zvinhu, zvimwe zvinobatsira zvinhu nekuda kwekusarudzika kwekusimudzira uye chiitiko chemhando dzehutachiona hwekoloni.. Mapepanhau anowanikwa kubva kune zvakasikwa zvinyorwa uye nehydrolysis ye polysaccharides. Kana tikazviongorora kubva kumiti, tinoona kuti iwo oligosaccharides eglucose, galactose uye sucrose, iyo yekupedzisira iri yakanyanya kuwanda pane ese. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuwanikwa zvakanamatira kumapuroteni anogadzira glycoprotein.
Iko kukosha kweglycoprotein iri mune yavo basa mukuziva maseru, lectin inosunga, extracellular matrix fomati, hutachiona hutachiona, uye antigen zvinogadzirisa. Iko kuumbwa kwemakabohydrate kwakasiyana. Oligosaccharides anoumbwa nema monosaccharides anogona kuva ketoses uye aldoses. Iwo ane shuga-mhando akasiyana macarhydrate ane akawanda hydroxyl mapoka. Iwo mapoka eedoro ane aya mahydroxyls anogona kunge ari ekutanga uye echipiri. Nenzira iyi, tinoona kuti chimiro cheiyo monosaccharides iyo inogadzira oligosaccharides inotenderera. Izvi zvivakwa zvinogona kuve zvepyranose kana furanose mhando.
Muenzaniso weiyi iglucose, inova aldose ine cyclic dhizaini iri pyranose. Pane rimwe divi, muchero, tinowana fructose, inova ketosis ine cyclic mamiriro iri furanose. Ese monosaccharides anogadzira oligosaccharide ane D-kumisikidzwa ye glyceraldehyde. Kune mamwe oligosaccharides ayo asingagonekwe uye ane akasiyana magadziriso. Icho chokwadi chekuti hachinyungudike chakakonzerwa nenyaya yekuti kuumbwa kwacho hakugone kuisirwa hydrolyzed nema enzymes ekugaya kubva mumatumbu nemate. Kunyangwe izvi, ivo vanonzwisisa hydrolysis nemaitiro emakemikari ebhakitiriya ari mukoloni.
Kuumbwa uye mashandiro eoligosaccharides
Sezvatakambotaura pakutanga kwechinyorwa, izvi zvinoumbwa pakati pe3-10 monosaccharide masara. Imwe yemasiyano atinowana kana tichitarisa kurongedzwa iri inulin. Iyo isiri-digestible oligosaccharide iyo ine anopfuura gumi gumi emonosaccharide masara. Kana tichinongedzera kumasarasara tinenge tichinongedzera kubviswa kwemamorekuru emvura apo chisungo cheglucoside chinoumbwa pakati pemonosaccharides.
Nezve mashandiro, isu tine akajairika disaccharides ayo ari sucrose uye lactose. Ose ari manyuko esimba anobatsira muviri kuti ushande zvakanaka. Mamwe mabasa eakagundika eoligosaccharides ndeyekuti iwo prebiotic, ndeyekuvandudza kukura kwebhakitiriya uye kudzikisa cholesterol. Naizvozvo, iwo sarudzo huru yeindasitiri yezvikafu kana tichida kusimudzira hutano hwevanhu muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.
Ivo vanoshandawo senge zvinotapira zvekugadzira uye vanoita basa rakakosha mu osteoporosis. Chimwe chinhu chinovandudza mhando yemamorekuru aya kudzora chirwere cheshuga nekusimudzira kukura kwematumbo microflora. Aya oligosaccharides akave anofungidzirwa zvivakwa zvakaita sekuderedza mukana wehutachiona uye diarrhea nekuderedza iyo pathogenic maruva uye nekuvandudza mhinduro ye immune immune system.
Kune zvakawanda zvidzidzo zvinotsigira ese aya mashandiro uye pese patinoedza kuwana zvakanyanya kubatanidzwa muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.
Mhando dzeoligosaccharides
Kana isu tichiedza kuisa mamorekuru aya, tinoona kuti anogona kukamurwa kuita zvakajairika uye zvisingawanzoitika. Yokutanga disaccharides. Sucrose uye lactose ndizvo zvakajairika. Izvo zvisingawanzo ndeavo vane izvo chete matatu kana anopfuura emonosaccharide masara uye mazhinji acho anowanikwa akaparadzirwa mumiti. Ivo vanowanikwa mune zvakasikwa vanosiyana mune monosaccharides iyo inoumba. Nekudaro, anotevera oligosaccharides anowanikwa: fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS); lactulooligosaccharides yakabva kune galactooligosaccharides (LDGOS); xylooligosaccharides (XOS); arabinooligosaccharides (OSA); yakatorwa kubva kugungwa (ADMO).
Imwe nzira iripo yekuisa mamorekuru aya kuapatsanura kuita mapoka epuraimari nesekondari. Iwo ekutanga ndeaya anowanikwa muzvirimwa uye akapatsanurwa kuita aya akavakirwa pashuga uye sucrose. Kune rimwe divi, isu tine vechipiri vepuratifomu avo vanoumbwa kubva kuprimari. Iwo ekutanga acho ndeaya akagadzirwa kubva kumonosaccharides uye kubva kune mupi we glycosyl achishandisa glycosyltransferase. Muenzaniso weiyi sucrose.
Disaccharides akawandisa uye pakati pavo tine sucrose. Sucrose inoumbwa neglucose uye fructose. Kune rimwe divi iri lactose, iyo inogadzirwa neshuga uye galactose. Lactose inongowanikwa mumukaka. Nhasi kune vanhu vazhinji vane lactose isingashiviriri nekuti muviri wavo hauna maenzymes anokwanisa kuigadzirisa.
Zvikumbiro mukenza yekoloni
Kuonekwa kwechirwere chegomarara rekoloni kune chekuita nemararamiro. Nyama nedoro zvinowedzera mukana wekuonekwa kwechirwere ichi, nepo chikafu chakazara nefibre nemukaka kuchichideredza. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti tidzidze kuunza chikafu chakapfuma uye chakasiyana muzvikafu mukudya kwedu. Iko kushandisa zvine musoro kwema prebiotic kunoenderana nekutarisa kuti bifidobacteria uye lactobacilli zvinokundikana kuburitsa maccinogenic macomputer.
Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakaitwa zvave zviri mumhuka kwete muvanhu. Iko kushandiswa kwema prebiotic kwakaratidzirwa kuburitsa kwakakosha kudzikira mukoloni sero uye genotoxicity, zvichibatsira kuwedzera basa remudumbu chipingaidzo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve oligosaccharides uye hunhu hwavo.