Kana paine chinhu chinhu kana kurarama kwakakosha kwazvo, munhu anofanirwa kudzidza kuichengetedza nekuichengetedza. Izvi hazviitike chete nezvinhu zvetsika, mabasa ehunyanzvi uye tsika dzakakurumbira. Izvo zvinoitikawo mune zvakasikwa. Kungofanana nemimwe mitsvene yevatsvene inogona kuve tsika yemagariro enzvimbo, kune zvimwewo zvakasiyana mhando dze ecosystems chii chiripo nhaka yakasikwa. Neraki, Spain ine nzvimbo hombe yenzvimbo ine yakasarudzika nhaka yeakakwira ecological kukosha (imwe yeakakura muEurope). Izvi hazvireve kuti nyika yese haina iyi ndima yakakosha.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuratidza izvo zvinoita kuti ecosystem ive yakasikwa nhaka uye kukosha kwayo kwakakodzera manejimendi uye dziviriro.
Chii chinonzi zvakasikwa nhaka
Nhaka yechisikigo ndeye ecosystem iyo inopa inoyevedza nharaunda, imomo kune hombe nhamba yezvisikwa izvo zvinoda kuti vararame uye, kazhinji, nzvimbo inogona kupa yakawanda kunzanga kubva kune akasiyana maficha. Kuburikidza neyevashanyi uye yezvehupfumi, nzvimbo zhinji dzakachengetedzwa zvakanaka dzinokwezva vanhu vanobva kumativi ese epasi kuti vashanyire. Izvi zvinogadzira hupfumi hwekushanya kwechisikigo. Pane rimwe divi, iyo zvakare inopa yakawanda ruzivo kubva kune yesainzi maonero.
Iyo seti yezvisikwa zviwanikwa izvo zviri munharaunda yenyika. Kazhinji, nhaka iyi inodzivirirwa nemapato akasiyana ekudzivirira zvichienderana nekukosha kwayo uye mamiriro azvino ekuchengetedza. Semuenzaniso, chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chikamu chepaki yakasikwa. Iyo inzvimbo yakasarudzika uko kukanganiswa kwevanhu kuri kushoma pazvinogoneka uye kuyedza kuchengetedza ese epamhepo hunhu hwechisikirwo, kudzikamisa chero chiitiko chingakanganisa iyo ecological balance.
Aya matanho ekudzivirira haasi kuedza kuita kuti zvisikwa zviitwe pachivande, asi kuti kunakirwa nenhaka panguva imwechete iyo zviitiko zvekudzidzisa nharaunda zvinogona kuitiswa kudzidzisa vadiki kuve nehunhu hwekuchengetedza.
Pasi rese, matanho ekudzivirira aya ari kunakidzwa nekubudirira. Kune zvinopfuura zviuru zana zvemazana zvakachengetedzwa nzvimbo dzepanyika. Neraki, kuSpain isu tine zvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana uye yakawanda ivhu rakachengetedzwa. Kunyangwe naizvozvi, huwandu uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura kusvika mudzi wekusikwa kweNatura 2000 Network. Chinangwa cheiyi netiweki yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzepanyama kugadzira gwara rakafanana rekumisikidza nzira dzekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzenzvimbo padanho renharaunda.
Mapato nehutongi hutongi
Zvinoenderana neNatura 2000 Network yakatenderwa neEuropean Union, nzvimbo dzepanyama dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru:
ZEPA: nzvimbo inochengetedza shiri.
SCI: nzvimbo dzekukosha kwenharaunda.
Kunyangwe izvo zvinogona kutaurwa kana kushoropodzwa pamusoro peSpain, isu tine imwe yenzvimbo hombe yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzeNharaunda munzvimbo dzese dzeEurope. Izvi zvinoreva kuti isu tine akasiyana ecosystems, nharaunda uye zvipenyu izvo zvinoumba iyo yeSpanish yakasikwa nhaka.
Iyo yakasarudzika nhaka yeSpain inowedzera mukati mePyrenees, iyo yese kuchamhembe kweiyo peninsula, maCanaries neMenorca. Isu tine zvakare nzvimbo dzisingachinjike dzekukosha kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza senge iyo Garajonay National Park kana iyo Doñana National Park muAndalusia.
Kune akasiyana zvikamu zvekudzivirira muSpain. Tine iyo yakasarudzika dura, yepanyama paki, yakasikwa marongero, echisikiro monument, Biosphere yakachengetedzwa, yakasangana yakasikwa dura, peri-yemaguta paki, nezvimwe Chikamu chega chega chine hunhu hwakasarudzika uye nehutongi hwakasiyana zvinoenderana nezvairi kuedza kuchengetedza. Hazvina kufanana kuchengetedza nzvimbo padyo neguta pane nzvimbo yechisikigo seDoana. Izvo zvinotenderwa zviitiko uye mutemo zvinosimbiswa kana iyo ecological kukosha iri kumusoro.
Parizvino, kuSpain, iyo yekuchengetedza zvisikwa ndiyo yepamusoro dziviriro, nekuti kunyangwe kana vanhu havagone kupinda mairi. Kazhinji, idzo nzvimbo dzine nzvimbo diki yepasi, yakakomberedzwa, uko chete masayendisiti anogona kupinda nemvumo yekuita tsvagurudzo pamusoro pemiti nemhuka zvinogara munzvimbo idzi.
Mienzaniso yenhaka yakasikwa kuSpain
Tiri kuenda kunonyora mimwe mienzaniso inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inozivikanwa yeSpanish yakasikwa nhaka.
Garajonay National Park
Iri pakati pechitsuwa cheLa Gomera, muCanary Islands. Iyo inochengeta imwe yeakanyanya kukosha muEuropean Union yose. Ndiwo mashiripiti musango weaurel. Iyo zvakare inomira kunze kune ayo ese akasiyana kusiana kwezvirimwa mafomati, geological zvivakwa uye iyo hombe nhamba yemagariro marudzi ayo yaanogara. Rangarira kuti rudzi rwekugara urwo nderwe rwunongokura munzvimbo imwechete uye rusingagare kune imwe.
Teide National Park
Iyo inomira zvakanyanya kunyanya kune kunaka kwenzvimbo dzayo. Iyo ndeimwe yeakanaka kwazvo pasirese. Iyo paki inogara kune hupfumi hukuru hwepamoyo ine yakakwira muzana yezvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro munzvimbo iyi. Kunyangwe pane izvo zvinofungidzirwa, pane huwandu hukuru hwemhuka dzinotsemuka, pakati padzo dzatinowana ocelot.
Nzvimbo yepamusoro muSpain iGomo Teide, gomo rinoputika. Ndiyo volcano yechitatu pakukura pasirese, pamamirioni 3,718 kukwirira. Iyi paki yenyika chikamu cheiyo World Heritage runyorwa muchikamu chenzvimbo yechisikigo.
Doñana paki yenyika
Inowanikwa muGulf of Cádiz, inoumba nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yezvakatipoteredza muEurope. Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya pakuchengetedzwa kweIberian lynx, iyo inotyisidzirwa mhembwe muEurope yese. Iyi paki inobatsirawo kuchengetedza gondo reumambo, imwe mhando yechiratidzo yeSpain.
Zvipenga
Iyo yakanyorwa seyakavhenganiswa echisikigo uye tsika yepasirese nhaka.
Ibiza
Iyo ine yakakosha marine uye emahombekombe ecosystems. Mazhinji ezvisikwa uye tsika dzinoenderana munzvimbo idzi. Yakanzi zvakare World Heritage Saiti muna 1999.
Sezvauri kuona, nhaka yechisikigo yakakosha kwazvo kuruzhinji. Kwete chete inochengetedza zvakasikwa uye mashandiro ayo, asi zvakare inokwezva kushanya uye inosimudzira hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzese nemutengo wepamusoro.