Octopus ine marudzi anosvika mazana matatu, ine maoko masere akashongedzerwa makapu ekuyamwa uye inofamba makungwa kubva munzvimbo dzemahombekombe kuenda kumvura inotonhora yepasi pegungwa. Ivo vanoonekwa seboka revasina vertebrates vane hungwaru hukuru uye kugona kudzidza nekuti vane yakaoma kwazvo tsinga system uye, zvakare, inhengo yekirasi yega yemolluscs ine yakavharwa circulatory system. Zvisinei, havasi vanhu vakawanda vanoziva mwoyo ngani ine octopus.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti ingani moyo iyo octopus ine, maitiro ayo uye zvimwe zveayo zvinonakidza curiosities.
Hunhu uye pekugara
Muviri wega wega octopus wakakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu akasiyana:
- Musoro: Pakati pawo paiva nemaziso e<em>octopus, yaiva neuropi hwayo (nervous system) uye mwoyo (matatu acho: maviri anotakura ropa kumagill uye kufema, uye imwe inosundira ropa rine oxygen kune mamwe ose emuviri).
- Mantle: Vanobatanidza magumo kunzvimbo yakapararira yemusoro, uko kune dzimwe nhengo dzemukati dzemhuka dziripo, kubva panobuda nyanga ine nyanga kuzodya, masiphoni anoshandiswa kudhiza mvura kuti ienderere mberi uye weti. deposits.
- Extremities: Matende masere e octopus akasimba uye ane tsandanyama, ane suckers uye mamiriyoni ekunzwa anoguma mukati. Tende rimwe nerimwe rinosungirirwa kune jasi uye musoro nokuti ine zvakananga neural connections kune yakanyanya kugadzirwa cerebrum, iyo inobva pahuropi hukuru, ichiibvumira kudzora nhengo dzayo mumwe nomumwe.
Octopus anowanikwa munenge mumakungwa ese, kunyanya mumakorari nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinopa nzvimbo dzekuhwanda dziri nyore uye chikafu chakawanda chemhuka diki.
Ivo vanogara mumvura inodziya uye ine mwero, pakadzika kwakasiyana uye vanochinjika kune akasiyana nzira dzekutangisa, kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzochinja nokukurumidza mavhiki maviri kana matatu oga oga.
Kuberekesa octopus mukutapwa kwakaoma uye kazhinji kunoderedza hupenyu hwemhuka, nepo octopus, kune rumwe rutivi, yakanaka kwazvo pakupukunyuka mumamiriro ezvinhu asingabviri. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei dzimwe mhuka dzemhuka dzichiwanzove dzakanyanya kukodzera kuberekesa, dzakadai sesquid.
Octopus ndeye omnivores: vanogona kudya chero chinhu kubva kuhove diki, mamwe molluscs uye madiki crustaceans kune algae. Kuti dziite izvi, dzinowanzoputira mhuka dzadzo mumatende, dzozotakura dzichienda kumuromo une nyanga, kwadzinoitsemura. Octopus ndiwo anonyanya kudya.
Octopus ine njere ngani?
Mune octopus, mazhinji enhengo dziripo munzvimbo yemusoro. Vane uropi hwepakati, huri muchikamu chepamberi, apo gurokuro rinomhanya, uye muchikamu chemashure pane inonzi visceral mass inoumbwa negubhu rekudya, itsvo uye gonads.
Iyo yetsinga yeoctopus yakagadziridzwa uye yakaoma kwazvo. Musoro wayo une seti ye ganglia inonzi cerebrum uye pleura iyo fuse kuumba uropi hwepakati, yakaoma kwazvo tsinga yepakati yakakomberedzwa necartilaginous capsule yakafanana nedehenya. Ruoko rusingadzivisiki rune kubatanidza mota kwakanakisa uye rine 330 miriyoni neuroni.
Uropi hune nhamba huru yelobes, mamwe acho ndeaya:
- optic lobes: gamuchira uye gadzira ruzivo kubva muziso.
- Pedicel leaf: yakafanana neiyo vertebrate cerebellum, inogamuchira zviratidzo zvekuona uye kuenzanisa uye inoratidzika kunge inokanganisa kushanda kwemotokari.
- vertical lobe: Zvakafanana neiyo hippocampus yemavertebrates, inobatanidzwa mukugona kudzidza uye ndangariro.
Maziso ari mumusoro mayo akagadzirwa zvakanaka, ane (akavharwa) cornea, iris ine vana vadiki vanogona kureruka uye kudhonzwa, lenzi, uye retina, sezvo chiono chine basa rinokosha mumhuka idzi. Uyezve, mune chikamu chezviputi zvekatekete, vanopa saga yekuenzanisa iyo inoshanda senhengo yekuenzanisa, ichipa ruzivo pamusoro pechinzvimbo chemuviri maererano negiravhiti, zvimiro izvi zvinokubvumirawo kuti unzwe.
Uropi hweOctopus hukuru pane hwehove nezvinokambaira, asi hudiki pane hweshiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Octopus ine moyo mingani?
Kusiyana nemamwe ma mollusks, cephalopods senge octopus ine yakavharwa circulatory system ine dense network ye capillaries. Vane moyo mitatu yese: a systemic heart inosanganisira maviri atria uye imwe ventricle, iyo inotora ropa reokisijeni kubva mumagetsi uye rinoritenderedza mukati memuviri wese; uye maviri appendages, anonzi branchial hearts, ane basa iri circulatory uye kumanikidzwa kunowedzera ropa rinopinda gills. Ropa rinotenderera nemuaorta richipinda muvena cava, kwarinopombwa nemoyo webetsero kumagill uyezve kumoyo muviri wese.
Kusiyana nemhuka dzine vertebrate, ropa re octopus uye mamwe cephalopods rine hemocyanin: pigment yekufema yakaenzana nehemoglobin yedzimwe mhuka, iyo yakagadzirwa ine mhangura panzvimbo yesimbi, iyo inopa ruvara rwegirini-bhuruu.
Chimwe chimiro chemhuka idzi ndechokuti tsinga uye tsinga, pamwe chete ne capillaries, zvakakomberedzwa nechifukidziro chinonzi endothelium, kusiyana nemamwe ma invertebrates.
Curiosities
Zvino zvatave kuziva kuti ingani moyo ine octopus, ngatidzidzei zvakawanda nezvekuda kuziva:
- Octopus vane jasi kumusana, nhengo isina mhasuru, ine tsandanyama inonamatira kuseri kwemusoro uye inonzi visceral mass. Vanopawo mhango, inodaidzwa kuti gorobhu yakacheneruka, ine magill uye yakabatana nekunze nesiphon, chimiro chetsandanyama chakaita sefunnel.
- SIdzo mhuka dzinodya uye dzinodya zvakanyanya crustaceans uye molluscs., kugaya kwayo kunosanganisira muromo une chitinous muromo, mukati umo mune chimiro chinonzi radula chine mazino ekubvambura mhuka.
- Iyo inokurumidza nzira yekufamba inonzi "jet propulsion", uye zvinosanganisira kudzinga mvura kuburikidza neinonzi siphon, ichiibvumira kushambira nokukurumidza.
- Imhuka dzine gonad rimwe chete. (ovary kana testis) uye kubereka kuburikidza nekufambisa urume. Varume vane nhengo yekusvirana inonzi hectocotyl iyo vanopinza nayo seminal vesicles mugomba remukadzi, umo vanobudisira urume.
- Vane inki gland inodhirowa zvitema izvo zvinovabvumira kutiza kubva kune zvikara.
- Octopus anogona kuzvivharisa kana achivhima uye kutiza kubva kune zvikara, nekuda kwekuvapo kwemasero akakosha muganda rako, senge pigment masero, anogadzirisa ruvara rwawo zvinoenderana nenharaunda.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti ingani moyo ine octopus uye maitiro ayo.