La mwaranzi yezuva Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chinoshandiswa kunzwisisa kupisa kwatinowana kubva kuzuva pamusoro penyika. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semhepo, makore uye mwaka wegore, huwandu hwemwaranzi hwezuva hwatinowana hwakakwira kana kuderera. Inokwanisa kupisa pasi nepamusoro pechinhu, asi haitombopisa mhepo. Kune marudzi akasiyana emwaranzi yezuva zvichienderana nekwairi uye maitiro.
Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve radiation yezuva uye kukosha kwayo kumhepo.
Chii chinonzi solar radiation
Iko kuyerera kwesimba iro zuva rinogashira muchimiro chemagetsi emagetsi emhando dzakasiyana. Pakati pemafrequency atinowana mumagetsi emagetsi, anonyanya kuzivikanwa mwenje unooneka, infrared light uye ultraviolet mwenje. Isu tinoziva kuti inenge hafu yemwaranzi yezuva iyo nyika inogamuchira ine frequency pakati pe0,4 μm uye 0,7 μm. Rudzi urwu rwemwaranzi runogona kuwonekwa ne ziso remunhu uye rinoumba bhandi rechiedza rinooneka sezvatinozviziva.
Imwe hafu inonyanya mu infrared chikamu che spectrum uye chikamu chidiki chiri mu ultraviolet chikamu. Kuyera huwandu hwemwaranzi yatinowana kubva kuzuva, chiridzwa chinonzi pyranometer chinoshandiswa.
Mhando
Zvichienderana nekwakabva uye maitiro emagetsi ezuva, kune marudzi akasiyana. Tichatarisa pakutsanangura marudzi akasiyana uye maitiro avo makuru:
Kutungamira mwaranzi yezuva
Ndiro rinobva kuzuva rakananga uye rinenge risina shanduko yenzira. Iwe unogona kuona kuti inobatwa nemhepo, asi kukanganisa hakuna kukosha. Pamazuva ane mhepo, unogona kunzwa kurasikirwa kwekupisa. Pamusoro, kana kune mhepo ine simba, pesvedzero yekupisa haina kunyanya. Chimiro chikuru cherudzi urwu rwemwaranzi ndechekuti inogona kukanda mimvuri yemwenje kubva kune chero chinhu chakajeka chinoibata.
Kuparadzanisa mwaranzi yezuva
Ndiyo chikamu chemwaranzi chinosvika kwatiri kubva kuzuva uye chinoratidzwa kana kutorwa negore. Nemhaka yokuti anopararira kumativi ose, anonzi diffuse reflections. Iyi nzira inoitika nekuda kwekufungisisa uye kunyura, kwete kubva kumakore chete, asiwo kubva kune zvimwe zvimedu zvinoyangarara mumhepo. Zvimedu izvi zvinodaidzwa kunzi atmospheric dust uye zvinogona kuparadzira mwaranzi yezuva. Zvakare Inonzi diffuse reflection nekuti inotsauswa nezvinhu zvakaita semakomo, miti, zvivakwa, nepasi. pachayo, zvichienderana nechimiro chayo.
Chimiro chikuru cherudzi urwu rwemwaranzi ndechekuti haikande mimvuri pane zvakaiswa opaque zvinhu. Horizontal surfaces ndeaya ane mwaranzi yakawanda inopararira. Mamiriro acho akapesana nenzvimbo dzakasimukira, nekuti pane kashoma kuonana.
Inoratidzira mwaranzi yezuva
Iwo mufananidzo unoratidza pamusoro penyika. Haisi mwaranzi yose inosvika kwatiri kubva kuzuva inotorwa nepamusoro, asi imwe yacho inotsvedza. Uhu huwandu hwemwaranzi hwakatsauka kubva pamusoro hunonzi albedo. Nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kunyunguduka kwepolar ice caps, iyo terrestrial albedo yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Horizontal surfaces haigamuchire chero mhando yemwaranzi inoratidzwa nekuti haikwanise kuona chero nyika. Mamiriro ezvinhu nemwaranzi yezuva yakapararira zvakasiyana. Muchiitiko ichi, nzvimbo yakatwasuka inogamuchira huwandu hukuru hwemwaranzi inoratidzwa.
Global rezuva mwaranzi
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ihuwandu hwemwaranzi yemwaranzi iripo pasi pano. Ihwo huwandu hwemhando nhatu dzakapfuura dzemwaranzi. Ngatitorei muenzaniso wezuva rakanyatsojeka. Pano tichawana yakananga mwaranzi yepamusoro kuparadzira radiation. Zvakadaro, hapana mwaranzi yakananga pamazuva ane makore, asi ese chiitiko radiation inopararira.
Zvinokanganisa sei hupenyu nePasi
Kana pasi redu richigamuchira mwaranzi yakawanda yezuva, upenyu hahuzoratidziki sezvahuri iye zvino. Kuenzana kwesimba renyika i zero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuwanda kwemwaranzi yezuva kunowanikwa nenyika kwakafanana nehuwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva iyo inoburitsa muchadenga. Zvakadaro, mamwe nuances anofanira kuwedzerwa. Kana zvakadaro, tembiricha pasi pano ichava -88 degrees. Naizvozvo, chimwe chinhu chinodiwa chinogona kuchengetedza mwaranzi iyi uye kuita kuti tembiricha igadzikane uye igone kugara kuitira kuti itsigire hupenyu.
Greenhouse effect injini inobatsira kuti mwaranzi wezuva unowira pamusoro penyika urambe uri muhuwandu. Nekuda kwegreenhouse effect, tinogona kuva nemamiriro ekugara pasi pano. Kana mwaranzi yezuva ichisvika pamusoro, inenge hafu inodzokera mumhepo, ichiikanda kunze. Imwe mwaranzi inodzoka kubva pamusoro inotorwa uye inoratidzirwa nemakore emuchadenga neguruva. Nekudaro, huwandu hwemwaranzi hwakanyudzwa hauna kukwana kuchengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana.
Uku ndiko kunobva magasi egreenhouse. Magasi akasiyana-siyana anogona kuchengetedza chikamu chekupisa kunobva pasi uye kudzorera mwaranzi inosvika pasi kumhepo yakapoteredza pasi. Greenhouse magasi anosanganisira: mhute yemvura, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, methane, nezvimwewo. Nekuwedzera kwemagasi egreenhouse anokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu, kukanganisa kwemwaranzi yezuva pane zvakatipoteredza, maruva, mhuka uye vanhu zvave zvichiwedzera kukuvadza.
Huwandu hwemarudzi ese emwaranzi yezuva ndeye mwaranzi inobvumira hupenyu panyika. Ngatitarisirei kuti dambudziko rekuwedzera kwemagasi egreenhouse rinogona kuderedzwa uye kuti mamiriro acho haaite ngozi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve solar radiation uye kukosha kwayo kwehupenyu.