Mutero wezuva

Dare reMakurukota rakabvumidzwa mukupera kwa2015, Royal Royal Chirevo icho chinomisikidza icho chainodaidza «mubhadharo wekuchengetedza»Ku simba kuzvishandisa, inozivikanwa semutero pazuva

Nehurombo, fungidziro dzakaipisisa dzemasangano evatengi, mapoka ezvakatipoteredza, masangano emabhizinesi uye vanopikisa zvazoitika. Vakanga vachinyevera nezveichi chokwadi kwenguva yakareba, kubvira Makore makumi matatu zvisati zvaitika Bazi Rezvemaindasitiri rakazivisa zvinangwa zvaro

Kubva pane chirevo chakakurudzira shanduko kuNational Markets uye Competition Commission (CNMC), uye nemvumo yakatevera yeKanzuru yeHurumende; Hurumende yakabvumidza chirevo chitsva ichi pasina dambudziko.

Mutero wezuva unobvumidzwa pasi pesimba raJosé Manuel Soria mubazi rezvemaindasitiri ndeimwe yemitemo iyo isina mugari anonzwisisa. Sei Germany, nyika ine shoma zuva kupfuura isu, yakaisa mamwe mahwendefa mugore kupfuura Spain munhoroondo yayo yese?

Chokwadi ndechekuti Spain yaive inokurudzira zvikuru simba rinowedzerwazve pakutanga kwezana ramakore, ichitopa mabhonasi kune avo vakaisa mapaneru ezuva. Zvisinei, kufungidzira mumusika uye matanho ehurumende yePP kubva 2011 vakatanga kuomesa mamiriro aya.

Kumasangano epasi rese akadai seGreenpeace, inomiririra "gwara rakajeka rekuranga simba rinowedzerwazve, kuchengetedza uye kugona kwesimba."

Muchokwadi, Greenpeace inobvunza Hurumende kuti Spain uve mutungamiri mune zvinogadziriswa zvakare: Vanodaidzira kuti remangwana rekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze Mutemo unosanganisira 100% yakachena simba. Ivo vanoyeuka kuti makore gumi apfuura vakaratidza kugona kwavo kwehunyanzvi uye hupfumi.

Sperpentic, unogona sei kubhadharisa rako simba?

Kazhinji, mutengi ane mahwendefa akaisirwa uye anogadzira yake magetsi ndiye zvakabatana kunetiweki, kubva kwairi inowana simba rekuwedzera kuvhara zvido zvayo, haisi kugara ichipisa zuva, inogona kunge iri mhute. Uyezve, nguva zhinji izvo zvinogadzirwa hazvina kukwana; uye kana ikasara, inogona kutengeswa kunetiweki.

Kune aimbova Gurukota Rezvemaindasitiri, José Manuel Soria, "zvazviri ndezvekuudza mutengi kuti kuzvitengera kwakanaka chose, asi pavanenge vachizoshandisa network tinobhadhara pamwe chete Izvo zvakare inofanirwa kupa nekuti, kana zvisiri, isu vamwe tingave tiri kubhadhara chikamu chedu chatinoshandisa ». Mumwe mushumiri aifanira kusiya basa kumakambani ake asiri kumahombekombe muPanama.

Jose Manuel Soria

Kushungurudzika kweruzhinji kwaSoria kwakatanga pazvakadzidza kuti iye, pamwe nemukoma wake, vakaonekwa muzvinyorwa zvakawanikwa kubva ku Panamanian gweta remutemo Mossack Fonseca, mavambo ekudonha uko kwakasvikirwa nhepfenyuro dzakasiyana pasirese, muSpain La Sexta uye 'El Confidencial'. Mukuru weIndasitiri akabva ataura kubva kuCanary Islands kuti yaive mhosho uye kuti munin'ina wake aisazivawo kuti sei siginecha yake yaonekwa mune chero zvinyorwa. Uye kupa kuvimbika kune kutaura kwake, akavimbisa kuti akabvunza hofisi yemuchuchisi weNational Court kuti aone kuti anga asina makambani muPanama. Gare gare, iyo nyowani yekutsvaga mvumo yakawedzerwawo kuBahamas.

Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, masiginecha aJosé Manuel Soria nemunin'ina wake vakatanga kudonhedza mumakambani makambani ayo gurukota raisaziva, kudzamara humbowo hwehukama hwavo nenzvimbo yemutero waburitswa.

Grant

Hushumiri hwakafunga kuti izvi zvinoregedza kubhadhara mutero wezuva ingave rubatsiro zvichishayisa vamwe vatengi. Mumusangano wevatori venhau wakaitika mushure meKanzuru yeMakurukota, aimbova gurukota Soria akasimbirira kuti vanozvitenga vanofanira kubhadhara mari yekufambisa neyokugovera "kusvika pavanoshandisa" hurongwa uye kupa "senge chero mumwe mutengi." .

Nekudaro isa zvinoita sezvakanaka, uye hapana anozviramba, asi kana iwe ukaenda mune zvakadzama, zvinhu zvinochinja, semurongi we yekambani yehupfumi hwemagariro Ecooo (Mario Sánchez-Herrero): «Chinhu chinonzwisisika ndechekuti vatengi ava vanobhadhara rutsigiro urwu (mutero wezuva), riini uye munguva idzodzo chete pavanoda kushandisa Indaneti, kwete, sekusimbiswa mvumo ichangobva kubvumidzwa, dzimwe nguva apo ivo vasiri kudya kubva kune iyo grid, ndiko kuti, dzimwe nguva apo mapikicha e photovoltaic ari kushanda.

Mutero wezuva uchave nemutengo wei?

Panyaya yevatengi vekugara, ingangoita 9 euros pamwe neVAT pagore paKW yemagetsi ichabhadharwa kune rimwe nerimwe pani ravanaro pamba (mutero wezuva). Sekureva kwenyanzvi dzinoverengeka, kusakosha kwerudzi urwu rwevatengi hakusi iyo yakawanda mutero, asi kuti ivo havana hapana kudzoka yesimba ravanogadzira uye rinorasira mu network.

Muchokwadi, kune wemagetsi ari pabasa, unogona kupa makumi mashanu kubva muzana yesimba rese rinogadzirwa nekumisikidza kwako, izvo nenzira: Endesa, Iberdrola, Gasi Natural kana chero magetsi, ari kuzotengesa kumuvakidzani wako pamasendi gumi nemaviri. pa kilowatt-awa (kWh). Icho chaicho ibhizinesi uye zvimwe zvese hazvina maturo.

Muzvivakwa zvakakura, maindasitiri, vatengi vachabhadhara ma toll maviri. Iwo ma9 euros pamwe neVAT yega yega kW yesimba remapaneli pamwe neyakafanana inosangana nemutengo wesimba. "Ndiyo inokanganisa" zvinoenderana nenyanzvi dzinoverengeka muchikamu ichi, uye ichave ingangoita masendi mashanu kWh yega yega yavanogadzira nekudya.

Nekuda kwemubhadharo wainowana pachirongwa ichi, maBalearic Islands neCanary Islands vachasunungurwa pamutero.

Ndiani anotema chirevo ichi?

Indasitiri inodzivirira kuti Royal Chirevo chakanangana nekuvimbisa kugadzikana kwehupfumi uye kwemari sisitimu uye kudzivirira vese vatengi kubva «tsigira»Kuzvishandisa wega, kwavari ndiko« kubatana mubhadharo ».

Asi kuti tione hurongwa uhu, tinofanirwa kuongorora chirevo chemari yeREE (Red Eléctrica Española), neyeyemakambani makuru emagetsi, senge Iberdrola, Endesa…. Tinogona kuona kuti mune ese iwo mhedzisiro iri mabhiriyoni, kwete mhedzisiro yepasirese, asi mhedzisiro muSpain.

Kana hurumende ichitaura nezve "hurongwa," vazhinji masangano Vanokumbira kutaura nezve "chirevo chemari yemakambani makuru emagetsi."

2016 zvabuda

Endesa

Magetsi Endesa yakapfura 30% yayo mambure purofiti. Muna 2016, kambani yakatungamirwa na Borja Prado Yakawana 1.411 mamirioni euros, maererano neruzivo rwayakatumira kuNational Securities uye Market Commission (CNMV).

Yako yakazara yekushandisa purofiti (Ebitda) yakakura ne13%, kusvika pamamiriyoni 3.432; uye 'cash flow((kuyerera kwemari) kubva mukushanda kwakawedzera neimwe 13%, ichisvika 2.995 mamirioni ema euro.

Iberdrola

Iberdrola akavhara 2016 nemari yemubhadharo wemamiriyoni e2.705 emamiriyoni, chiyero chinomiririra kuwedzera kwe11,7% zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura. Dzokororo net net yakagadziridzwa ne12%, inosvika 2.531,7 mamirioni.

Inoshanda purofiti pamberi pekugadziriswa (ebitda) yakamira pamamirioni e7.807,7, 5,5% zvimwe, nepo purofiti iri kushanda yakakwira 18,9%, kusvika pamamiriyoni 4.554. Nezve iyo gross margin, yakura 0,6%, kusvika 12.916,2 XNUMX mamirioni.

Gasi rechisika

Gasi rechisika ganó 1.347 mamirioni euros muna 2016, zvinoreva kuti kudzikisira purofiti ne10,3%, inokanganiswa ne mamiriro akashata mumusika wepasi rose, wakaganhurirwa nemhedzisiro yekusiyana kwemitengo yekuchinjana uye nezvipingamupinyi mubhizinesi rayo chairo, senge kupindira kwebazi rayo reColombia Electricaribe munaNovember.

Sangano rekudzivirira kodzero dzevatengi (FACUA) rinoshorawo kuti hurumende inoisa "zvido zvemakambani makuru emagetsi pamusoro peavo vatengi, vanokuvadzwa mune zvehupfumi«. Nehurombo, isu tinogona kurangarira kuti "iyo sisitimu inosimudzira yakakonzera kuwedzerwa kwemagetsi edzimba dze74,93% mumakore gumi apfuura."

Nehurombo, Greenpeace nemamwe masangano vane yakasimbisa aya maviri ekupedzisira makore maviri nezviyero izvi, hurumende yakapa vassalage kune iyo magetsi oligopoly".

Muchokwadi, iyo Hurumende Gore rimwe chetero, akavhotesa bhiri rinotsigira kuzvishandisa kwemagetsi pasina mhosva uye izvo zvaitsigirwa nemapato ese ezvematongerwo enyika, kunze kwePP neForo Asturias. Kururamisa kwaro ndekwekuti zvaizoreva kuderera kwemari uye 162 mamirioni euros pagore yaisazotorwa kuburikidza nemitero.

Sekureva kwehurumende, ndeye kuzvishandisa yega, haina tsigiro

Sekureva kweMutungamiriri weMariano Rajoy, nekudzikisa mashandisiro anoita simba ravo, zvinomanikidza avo vasina zvivakwa zvakadaro kuti vatore mitengo yakakwira ye system kuchengetedza. Uye zvakare, iyo mafotera e-photovoltaic anodhura, uye saka ndechimwe chinhu chevapfumi chinosimbisa kusaenzana kwenzanga kwenyika yedu.

Masangano akati wandei akaita seOCU anobvarura nharo mbiri idzi. Chekutanga, vanodzivirira zvakanakira kuzvishandisa wega kuitira zvakanaka, "zvisingaenderane nepfungwa yekusabatana", senge kudzikiswa kwemweya wegreenhouse, kutengeswa kwenyika zvisaririra, kuvandudzwa kwebhalansi yekubhadhara, basa. Chechipiri, vanosimbisa kuti nemutemo wekuzvishandisa pachako wakafanana neuyo uri kutenderwa kune dzimwe nyika unokurudzira rubatsiro rwekutora nekuisa michina, magetsi kubva kumapaneru anodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo isu zvatiri kubhadhara izvozvi . Muchokwadi, kuzvishandisa pachako chingave chimwezve chishandiso kurwisa simba rehurombo uye kusaenzana.

Nei Hurumende yaizoda kufarira makambani makuru emagetsi?

Masangano akati wandei evatengi anorangarira kuti "kunyangwe zvinganzwika senge demagogic uye yakapusa" - iyo inotenderera mikova, kana wezvematongerwo enyika achienda kubva kuruzhinji kuenda muchivande, haigumiri kune anozivikanwa zviitiko zvepamusoro zvinzvimbo, sehukama hweyaimbova mutungamiri wenyika. yehurumende Felipe Gonzalez neGesi Natural Fenosa, kana José María Aznar naEndesa, asi asi pane tambo izere yepakati manejimendi zvinzvimbo izvo zvinoverengera pamasuo iwayo kuti zvirambe zvichitendeuka.

Asi pamusoro pezvo, anonongedzera, Hurumende inodzivirira kuti "zvinhu zvakakosha, senge magetsi, zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa nemakambani makuru, uye tinoda kuvepo makuru maSpanish shasha kuve nehuremu munyika uye kuti hupfumi hwedu hunogoneka. Izvi zvinoitika nekuona kuti mumusika wevasungwa, vane mari inokwana kuitira kuti vasarasikirwe netsoka mumakwikwi anotyisa avanochengetedza nemakambani akafanana kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzepasi. Vadzivirire chero zvodii.

Dambudziko rekuwedzera

Sezvakatsanangurwa nenyanzvi dzinoverengeka:

“Dambudziko rinowanikwa nevezviwanikwa nderekuti vakadyara zvakawandisa mumiti yemubatanidzwa, zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa gasi kugadzira magetsi. Miti iyi, nekuda kwedambudziko, iri kushanda maawa mazana masere kusvika zviuru gumi pagore, pavaizofanira kunge vari zviuru zvishanu kusvika zviuru zvitanhatu zvemaawa. Dai kuzvishandisa pachako kwaibvumidzwa nemirau inonzwisisika, kwete nekuti inoifarira asi isingazvikuvadze, pachinzvimbo chekushanda maawa mazana mairi vaizoshanda zana, uye zvichingodaro zvakanyanya kuoma kupora kubva kune hombe kudyara kwavakaita »

Vavakidzani vedu vekuEurope vane mutero wezuva here?

Sezvo iwe uchirangarira iyo Spanish Photovoltaic Union (Unef), sangano rinobatanidza mamwe makambani mazana matatu munharaunda yeSpain. Nyika ine zuva rakawanda, uko kwainokoka kusimudzira rudzi urwu rwesimba, ndiyo chete nyika umo mutemo uri kugadzirirwa "kuitira kuti kuzvidya kusakurire" (mutero wezuva).

Putugaro

Pasina kuenda kumberi, muvakidzani wedu Portugal «inobvumidza kuvandudzwa kwekuzvishandisa-wega kusvika 1MW pasina chero mhando yemutero uye net net balance inoitwa nekubhadhara mutengo weiyo simba rakawandisa pa90% yemutengo wayo wemusika »

France

MuFrance yasarudza kubheja pane photovoltaic simba. Sechikamu chezano rekupetwa katatu simba rayo re photovoltaic na2023, iyo French energy regulator CRE yakaunganidza akati wandei. nyoro yemapurojekiti emagetsi anovandudzwa kuzvitengesa -kushandisa.

Chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira mapurojekiti anogona kutariswa kunge ari epakati nepakati, aine huwandu pakati pe100 kW ne500 kW. Kuti uwane rubatsiro, varidzi vekumisikidza inofanirwa kuzvidya-inopfuura makumi mashanu muzana yesimba rinogadzirwa, kutengesa zvimwe kune veFrance kambani yemagetsi yeruzhinji EDF. Uku kutengesa kuchakurudzirwa nerubatsiro rwakawedzerwa rwe50 euros pa megawatt awa muchikamu chekutanga ichi, ichidzika kusvika makumi mana mukufona kwekupedzisira kwechirongwa ichi muna 40. Kana zvikaitika zvisingaenderane neashoma 2020% yesimba rinopedza wega, muripo unoderera.

Alemania

MuGerman, makambani makuru emagetsi akadai seEON anokurudzira vatengi 'kuzvishandisa. Kubva muna Kubvumbi apfuura, vatengi vayo vanozokwanisa kugadzira yavo yezuva simba uye nekuichengeta isina muganho, kuishandisa gare gare chero uye chero pavanenge vachida. Sevhisi inonzi Solar Cloud- Vagadziri vemagetsi ezuva vanozokwanisa kuchengeta huwandu husingaverengeki muaccount yemagetsi vozoshandisa kubva pairi pavanenge vachida.

Parizvino hapana muripo

Kukakavara kwakadaro pasina. Mutero wezuva wakakurumbira watanga tichitaura nezvazvo muchinyorwa chino, wakaitwa kupera kwa2015 haisi kushandiswa.

Zvinotaridza kuti aimbove mukuru wemutemo weHurumende wezvemagetsi anga asina nguva yekupedzisa gadziriso inodzorwa inodiwa nekushandisa mutemo uyu. levy pane photovoltaic kuiswa yekusara yakabatana kune yekupa network.

Sekureva kwaJosé Donso, director mukuru weUNEF: Mutemo wezuva wemutero wakabvumidzwa, asi mirairo yevashumiri ichavandudza tsika iri kushomeka. Ndokusaka Hurumende ichigere kubhadharisa kwete euro yemutero wezuva. Uye zvakare, vanopikisa vari kuyedza kusimbisa mutemo iwoyo kuti udzivise kuenda kumberi.

Zvisinei, mutero iwoyo waive icing pakeke rekucheka rakatangwa nepati yakakurumbira bato ra2010, iro rakasiya simba rinowedzerwazve ruzhinji pasina kugadzirwa mabhonasi. Iko kucheka kwakangoerekana kwaoma mitezo kukura kweiyo yakachena matekinoroji uye, kunyanya, photovoltaics uye magetsi kuzvishandisa-wega.

Tesla anopfuura mutero wezuva

Kunyangwe paine mheremhere hombe yeiyo inonzi 'zuva mutero' iyo Hurumende yaMariano Rajoy yakatendera mukupera kwa2015, iyo American Tesla yatanga kugamuchira mirairo yekuisa yayo solar-denga. Yakasanganiswa nePowerwall yayo 2 yekuchengetedza bhatiri, aya echimurenga matenga ezuva anozobvumira dzimba kuti dzive-dzinozvigonesa nesimba-rinowedzerwazve vachishandisa girazi-tiles padenga mataira ane akasanganiswa ezuva maseru.

Mairi online store, Tesla yatobvumidza vatengi veSpanish kuraira Solar Roof pakubhadhara dhipoziti ye930 euros. Iyi vimbiso "inodzoserwa zvizere kusvikira wapedza kutenga kwako uye bvuma chibvumirano chekugadza." Iyo kambani haina kupa hapana ruzivo pamitengo kana zuva rekutakura. "Inogona kuverengerwa uye tinovimbisa kubvunzana gore rinouya kana richiwanikwa pamusika, uyezve unogona kusarudza kuti woenderera here kana kwete; Kana iwe usiri kuda, mari yekuchengetera inodzoserwa ", inotsanangura sevhisi yayo yekuSpain.

Iyo mbiru nhatu dzesimba dzinoshanduka

Kuna Elon Musk kune zvikamu zvitatu pakushandura kuva simba rezuva: chizvarwa (muchimiro chemasolar panels), kuchengetedza (mabhatiri) uye kutakura (mota dzemagetsi). Chinangwa chake ndechekuvhara matanho matatu nekambani yake Tesla.

Saka pfungwa yekujoinha mapaneru nemabhatiri. Kusvika parizvino, chero munhu aida kubheja pane simba rezuva uye kuita asina gidhi yemagetsi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira anotenga mapaneru kubva kune yechipiri kambani, uye mabhatiri kubva kuTesla. Kubva ikozvino zvichienda mberi, nhanho dzichava vanorerutsa zvakawanda, nekuti mapaneru nemabhatiri achauya pamwechete. Kana isu tikawedzera kune iyo Tesla mota dzemagetsi uye chaja nyowani, isu tine yakakwana 3-in-1.