En China iri kutengesa mota dzakachipa dzemagetsi kupfuura mune mamwe ese epasi akabatanidzwa. Izvi zvakataurwa neReuters agency, iyo inotarisawo pa mhando yemotokari inokunda uye muzvikonzero zvavo.
Kusiyana nedzimwe misika, senge kuAmerica kana kuchamhembe kweEurope, munyika yeAsia mamodheru ari kusimudzira tekinoroji iyi Iwo echina brand uye ane zvishoma chiyero chekuzvitonga kupfuura vamwe vagadziri vekunze vakaita saTesla kana Nissan.
Magetsi emagetsi ndeechokwadi. Munguva dzichangopfuura ivo vasvika padanho rekuzvitonga, mashandiro uye mutengo unovaita sarudzo yakasarudzika yakakwana yenhamba iri kuwedzera yevatyairi, nechinodiwa chega chekuva nenzvimbo yekubatanidza mugaraji uye kwete kuita nzendo dzakareba kupfuura makiromita zana pakati pechaji.
Maguta makuru ndiyo yakasarudzika nzvimbo yemotokari dzakachipa dzemagetsi. Mumigwagwa yemuguta ndidzo chombo chaicho Uye nekuda kwekunyarara kwavo kwakazara, kunyaradzwa, kutyaira kusagadzikana pasina giya kuchinjika uye kusavapo kweutsi, vanoratidza hukuru hwakakura zvekuti vanozoita kuti tione mota "dzekare" dzemoto senge injini dzekare dzeutsi.
Dzinodhura mota dzemagetsi muChina
Ikozvino pane kuwedzera kwekutengesa mune hofori dzeAsia, zvese zvakatanga nekuda kwe ine hukasha mutemo yakatangwa neBeijing, uko Hurumende iri kukurudzira kuisirwa uye kugadzirwa nemabhizimusi akakosha pakutenga, mota yemagetsi iri kusangana neChina.
Gore rakapera vakanyoresa pakati pemagetsi emagetsi uye plug-in mahybrids (kana plug-in) vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni motokari, zvarinofungidzira kuwedzera kweanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana kupfuura gore rapfuura.
Zvinangwa
Na2020, iyo nyika yakazvimisira pachayo chinangwa chekuti kusvika 5 mamirioni mota yerudzi urwu inotenderera mumigwagwa yayo; Uye kune izvi kuri kuisa mabhiriyoni emadhora mumabhizimusi kumakambani emuno senge BYD kana BAIC kuti vazvigadzire pamwero mukuru. Pamusoro pekusimudzira kufamba kwakasimba mune zvimwe zvifambiso zveruzhinji senge tekisi kana bhazi.
Uye, kunyangwe paine hutungamiriri hwakawanikwa neChina mumhedziso, kumhanyisa kwekuitwa zvinoita kunge zvisina kukwana kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemunyika.
MunaGunyana wegore rapfuura, Hurumende yeChina, iyo ine dambudziko rakakura rekusvibisa maguta ayo, yakazivisa chirongwa chekumisikidza chakaratidza kuti 8% ye nyowani nyowani muna 2018 vaifanira kunge vakachena mota dzemagetsi uye plug-in mahybrids. Mu2019 vanofanirwa kusvika 10% uye muna 2020 12%.
Nekudaro, iyo Reuters agency yakataura mazuva mashoma apfuura kuti hurumende yeChinese iri kufunga kuramba zvinangwa izvi kwegore rimwe chete, ndiko kuti, kuisa 8% quota ye2019.
Dambudziko rekusvibiswa
Dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza muChina Iri kusvika pamatanho asina kumboonekwa kare. Maguta makuru anoenda kubva pane imwe yambiro tsvuku kuenda kune inotevera, utsi huri kufambira mberi kunge dutu rejecha, kutengeswa kwemasikisi kwakakura zvakanyanya, uye zvakafanana zviri kuitika nekushoropodza hurumende. Asi kubva pano tinogona kuzvibvunza isu, Sei izvi zvichiitika? Icho chikonzero chinosanganisa akawanda zvinhu, kubva kumaindasitiri uye kune simba, kusvika kunzvimbo.
Nehurombo chazove chifananidzo chinowanzoitika: Beijing, guta guru reChina, rakafukidzwa nehutsi. Zviremera zvakaongorora sarudzo dzakawanda. Kurambidzwa kwakasarudzika, kunaya kwekunyepedzera, drones ... hapana chinoratidzika kunge chinoshanda. Dambudziko nderekuti hapana hunyanzvi hwekurwisa munhu wega foci. Kusvibisa kunoda kubatana kwepamberi, uye nguva yakawanda painotambiswa, iwo mutengo wakakwira unobhadharwa nevanhu.
Imwe yemafonti aya inogona kunge iri mota yemagetsi yakachipa.
Norway
China neUS account ye60% yemotokari dzese dzemagetsi pasi. Asi iye chaiye anobatsira mudzidzi mukumisikidza kwerudzi urwu rwekufamba ndiNorway. 28,76% emota akanyorwa mune izvi nordic nyika muna 2016 dzaive dzemagetsi, zvakanyanyisa pamusoro pe0,52% yevhareji yepasirese.
Pazuva rakajairika, dzinosvika 32.000 mota dzemagetsi dzinotenderera pakati peOslo neTrondheim. Chimwe chezvikonzero, sekuChina, ndidzo zvipo zvinopa kubva kuhurumende yeNorway. Pasina mitero, mahara recharges kana zvido zvekutenderera ndizvo zvimwe zvezvikamu zvekutsigira. MuNorway mota dzemagetsi dzinogona kushandisa nzira yemabhazi, mukana wakakura panguva dzepamusoro.
Muchokwadi, mapato makuru ezvematongerwo enyika muNorway Vabvuma rambidza kutengeswa kwefossil mafuta anoshandiswa mota kubva muna 2025, mukati megadziriro yeshanduko yakazara musimba rayo resimba.
Sezvataona, mota dzemagetsi dzakachipa dzinotsigirwa nemutengo, uye sekutaura kunoita Reuters, hadzina "yakasarudzika" chinhu icho chiratidzo chakadai Tesla, uyo anobheja asina nyadzi pamota dzinomhanya kwazvo, dzine simba nekuzvimiririra kukuru, ¿ndidzo mota dzepamba dziri kutobudirira kuChina? Ngatitarisei kune yakachipa-masuo maviri emagetsi mota chery eQ.
Zvakanakisisa kutengesa zvakachipa mota dzemagetsi
chery eQ
El Chery eQ inodhura 60.000 yuan muShanghai, inenge yakaenzana ne zvishoma zvishoma pane zana euros nechipo chakabatanidzwa. Pasina izvi rubatsiro, zvaizodhura pamusoro pe100.000 yuan, ndiko kuti, zvishoma kupfuura ma13.600 euros.
General Motors (GM), semuenzaniso, yakaratidza yayo nyowani Chevrolet bhaudhique inoita madhora zviuru makumi matatu mushure mekubatanidzwa federal chikwereti che $ 7.500.
Sekureva kwaXie Chao, anoshanda kukambani yemakemikari yeShanghai: “Mota dzemagetsi dzakachipa dzakachipa kwazvo kuChina, unozvida mari shoma yekutenga imwe. Kana iwe uchingoda mota kuti uende kubasa kana kufamba famba neguta, nekushandisa kwayo zvishoma zvishoma pane 100 km yekuzvimiririra iri kutofamba zvakanaka".
Xie anoti akatenga matatu anodhura mota dzemagetsi kubvira 2015: a Anhui Jianghuai Mota iEV4, UN BAIC EV160 uye a Geely Emgrand EV, imwe yekuti ashandise, imwe yemukadzi wake uye imwe yerendi. Zvinoshamisa asi ichokwadi.
Sekureva kwaZhang Dawei, CEO wemugovera EVBuy, "mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzakachipa dzine mamwe akafanana, saka mutengo ndicho chinhu chinosarudza ”. Iyo eQ yatotaurwa yave el zvakanakisisa kutengesa mumwedzi ichangopfuura, "nehunhu hwakanaka nemutengo wakaderera kwazvo." “Maturusi aya. Ivo vanongo famba, kwete kuzvirumbidza, kana kushongedza tekinoroji yazvino ", anopedzisa.
Vamwe vaongorori vemusika weAsia vanonongedzerawo sechinhu mukuwedzera uku kuti vazhinji vanogara mumaguta makuru Vakadzi vechiChinese vanosarudza idzi mota kuti vawane nyore nyore rezinesi ndiro. Uye ndezvekuti inosvika hafu yegumi nemaviri emaguta makuru muChina atoomesa marata emota epeturu nenyaya dzekusvibisa. Ipo ivo vachipa zvakasununguka mvumo kumatambi emagetsi anodhura.
Chimwe chei makiyi ekutsanangudza boom kuti idzi dzakachipa dzemagetsi mota dziri kusangana muChina Nhema, zvakare, mu mutemo wekubhadhara. Uye ndezvekuti, kumugadziri wekunze, zvinonetsa kuwana mhando yerubatsiro, nekuti zvinongogoneka kuti vazvigamuchire kana vakashanda kuburikidza nehukama hwekudyidzana nevamwe veko. Ndiyo nyaya ye denza, iyo inotsigira boka reGerman Daimler.
Zvakadaro, kunyangwe nerubatsiro, yako mutengo uchiri pamusoro wevanogadzira vemuno. Kuderedzwa kwemitengo muzvikwata zveChinese, zvinoenderana nezvose zvirevo, zvinogara zviripo ... pasina kugadzirisa mune dzakawanda zviitiko kurasikirwa kunopfuurira kwehunhu hwechigadzirwa. Chinhu chisingaitike mumakambani ane mari yekunze.
Iye zvino vaongorori vese vanotarisira kuti, zvishoma nezvishoma, kana yavo bhizinesi modhi yabatanidzwa, aya vagadziri vatsva veChina se wedzera pasi rese. Kunyangwe, ichiripo. Semuenzaniso muDetroit, GAC mota (chikamu cheGuangzhou Automobile Group) yakaratidza yayo nyowani GE3 yemagetsi mutambo wekushandisa mota. Uye ipapo akazivisa kuti, kunyange hazvo aive nehurongwa hwekupinda muUnited States gore rino muna 2017, pakupedzisira achazozvinonoka kusvika 2019.
Changan BenBen EV
BenBen ndeimwe yemotokari dzeChina dzinotengesa zvakanyanya mushanduro yayo yemoto. Iyo kambani yakafunga kuvhura iyo magetsi vhezheni yemhando iyi Zvita. Ichave nekuzvimiririra kwe Makiromita 200 uye mutengo we 8.200 euros.
Dongfeng Jingyi S50 EV
Iyo Jingyi S50 ndiyo sedan inogadzirwa neDongfeng Motors. Zvekare, mota inozivikanwa kwazvo mushanduro yayo yekupisa, asi ikozvino ichaona kusvika kweshanduro yemagetsi. Nekuzvimiririra kwe Makiromita 250 uye mutengo we 16.400 euros.
Dzimwe mota dzemagetsi
Mabhazi emagetsi
Mabhazi emagetsi ari mukana wakakura wekushandisa kufamba kwemagetsi mumaguta. Nzira yakakwana yekubatanidza mhando dzakanakisa dzekufamba senge kutakura veruzhinji uye nemagetsi.
Nekudaro, kuiswa kwemabhazi emagetsi mumaguta eEurope kunononoka kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Zvakapesana zvinoitika kuChina, uko kune kuratidza kunoshamisa.
Kukura kwekutengesa mabhazi emagetsi kwaive kwakasimba muChina panguva ya2016, apo huwandu hwayo 115.7000 diyuniti, ine chikamu chemusika che20%.
Girafu inoratidza kuti shanduko yakaitika sei muna 2015, apo kutengeswa kwemabhazi aya kwakakwira. 2016 yasimbisa iyi shanduko ne kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvinopfuura makumi maviri Pamusoro pegore rapfuura.
Magetsi emagetsi
Magetsi emagetsi ari kuve imwe nzira inozivikanwa muChina. Kazhinji, dzinotoshandiswa kutakura vafambi, vachiita semabhazi madiki. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro eiyo JAC Sunray i6, iyo inokwanisa kusvika 12 vanhu. Iyo ine yakazivisa kuzvitonga kwe Makiromita 160, asi mutengo hausati waziva. Ichasvika pamusika imwe nguva muna 2017.
Matori emagetsi
Marori madiki zvakare ane yavo musika muAsia hofori. Iyo Jinbei JBC Qiyun EV ine huwandu hwe Makiromita 200 yy inogona kutakura kusvika 2.700 kilos
Kuwedzera kuedza munyika
Kunyangwe zvichiratidza "kukura kwakasimba" mukutengesa kwemotokari idzi muna 2016, International Energy Agency yakaratidza kuti zvinoita kumisazve kuisirwa uye kuti kuchine 'nzira refu' yekufamba kusvikira mota dzemagetsi dzaita 'chakakosha mupiro' kune zvinangwa zve kuderedzwa kwemweya wegreenhouse gasi.
Sangano rinoburitsa pachena kuti, maererano nezvakafungidzirwa nevakagadzira mota pachavo, zvinotarisirwa kuti mugore ra2020 pakati pemamirioni mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri anotenderera pasi rose. motokari dzemagetsi. Izvo unganidza ingangove iri pakati pemakumi mana nemakumi manomwe emamirioni muna40, maererano nekufungidzira kumwechete. Asi iyo agency inorangarira kuti, kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvechibvumirano cheParis, zvinoda kusvika mamirioni mazana matanhatu muna70.Kutsigira kwakasimba mune zvematongerwo enyika kunokosha«, Inonyevera iyo International Energy Agency.
Ichokwadi chemotokari yemagetsi
Parizvino huwandu chaihwo hwemotokari yemagetsi inodarika zana km, asi zviverengero zviri pamutemo zviri pedyo ne200 km hazvifanirwe kutitsausa: Hatife takawana huwandu hwema laboratory mumamiriro chaiwo. Nekuti hazvisi nyore kuwana recharging points uye zvakafanira kumirira maawa akati wandei kuti mabhatiri azadzwe zvizere, mukuita izvi zvinoreva kuti ivo vakanaka chete pakuita zvishoma anodarika zana km?, tichifanira recharge husiku humwe kana isu tasvika pamuganhu.
Nedzimba idzi, mota dzemagetsi dzakachipa ndiyo sarudzo yakanakira mutyairi wedhorobha, asi isingakwanise kurova mugwagwa nzendo refu. Pamugwagwa mukuru, bhatiri rinonyungudika kunge chando mune cafe uye kana tichifanira kutarisana nematanho akadzika kuverenga kunofanirwa kunge kuchinyanya kuchengetedza. Muguta, zvakadaro, zvinoita kunge zvinogara nekusingaperi nekuti makiromita anoenda zvishoma zvishoma uye kutanga-kumira kushanda hakutombo kuvakuvadza.
Iyo poindi yakasimba ndeye traffic yemadhorobha, uko maitiro ayo anoshamisa. Zvakanyanya, zvekuti kana iwe ukaedza imwe chete muguta unoziva kuti mota dzese dzinofanirwa kunge dziri dzemagetsi kutenderera pakati pemigwagwa. Motokari yemagetsi haina batira kana magiya, asi mota inotenderera nemavhiri ndokumira nayo, nawo simba rese rinoshandurwa kuita kufamba kwechinguvana uye kwakanyarara. Ivo havana kupfuurwa munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo, asi havakwanise kubuda mairi.
Kupedzisa chinyorwa, tiri kuenda kunoona dzimwe dzemagetsi mota dzatinogona tenga muEuropeDzakachipa, dzemagetsi mota (mhando). Hatisi kuzosanganisira mamodheru akaita saTesla, sezvo vachitamba imwe ligi.
Magetsi eEuropean magetsi
BMW i3
Iyo BMW i3 kuzvipira kweBMW kumotokari dzemagetsi. Her kutanga 100% mota yemagetsi Iyo mutengo nemabhatiri akaisirwa uye pasina kubvisa rubatsiro rwe 35.500 €.
Inobatanidza a 3G yekubatanidza system iyo inokutendera iwe kudzora akasiyana maficha emota uri chinhambwe, batanidza neInternet, tarisa iyo traffic traffic, ona iyo Street View.
Muchikamu chemakanika, inokwidza mota yayo yemagetsi, iyo BMW eDrive iyo inopa mota a 170CV simba, pamwe chete nevamwe 22 kana 33 kWh mabhatiri chinzvimbo chiipe iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kuzvitonga kwe300 km uye a kumhanya kwepamusoro kwe150km / h
Citroen E-Mehari
Iyo E-Mehari ndeye mota yemagetsi inoshanduka zvigaro zvina zvinogovana zvimwe zvinhu zvekunaka neCactus M, prototype yakapihwa naCitroën munaGunyana 2015. Iyo inogadzirwa mukubatana nekambani yeFrance Bolloré, iyo inototengesa mota ine yakafanana nehunhu inonzi bluesummer.
Iyo E-Mehari yemagetsi mota ine 68 hp yesimba masimba uye inofambiswa nesimba rakachengetwa mu bhatiri repolymer 30 kWh lithiamu bhatiri. Iyo nguva inodikanwa kuichinjazve iwo maawa masere mune 8-amp nzira uye maawa gumi nemaviri mune gumi-amp kuburitsa. Sekureva kwaCitroën, iyo E-Mehari inogona kufamba kusvika kumakiromita mazana maviri munzvimbo dzemadhorobha (kana ingangoita zana mumigwagwa inokurumidza) uye kusvika 110 km / h pamusoro kumhanya.
Mutengo wacho ndewe 26 euros shoma rubatsiro uye pamwedzi mubhadharo we € 87 pamwedzi wekuhaya bhatiri. Huwandu hwemari iyi hwakasununguka pamakiromita anofamba pagore.
renault zoe
El Renault Zoe compact yemagetsi inomira kunze kwayo Makiromita mazana mana ekuzvimirira zvinoenderana neNEDC kutenderera.
Inowanikwa mumatanho mana emitengo uye inopera, inoiswa seyekutanga magetsi akagadzirira kurwa kubva kwauri kuenda kwauri neNissan Leaf. Inowanikwa nebhatiri muridzi kana senzira yekuhaya.
Muchikamu chayo chehunyanzvi inosimudza mota yemagetsi yekuchinjisa zvazvino zve 92 hp yesimba, bhatiri re 41kWh Lithium Ion chinzvimbo, kunonyanyisa kumhanya Inogumira ku135 km / h uye kumhanyisa kwe 0 kusvika 100 mumasekondi gumi nemaviri.
Volkswagen e-Gorofu
Volkswagen yakagadziridza chiratidzo chayo kuratidza nzira yakasvibira yemagetsi, iine Volkswagen e-Gorofu. Iyo ndiyo yekutanga compact yefemu yeGerman inogadzirwa zvichibva pane itsva Modular Electric Propulsion Platform (MEB). Izvo zvinodaidzirwa neVolkswagen "demokrasi yekufamba-kweanobuda."
Chizvarwa chechipiri chehunyanzvi cheiyo Gorofu yemagetsi inouya iine kuzvitonga kukuru, simba rakawanda, ruzivo rwekugadzira nyowani uye yepakati yedhijitari.
Nissan Leaf
Iyo Nissan LEAF ndiyo yekutanga mota yakachipa yemagetsi yeJapan Nissan uye inotengesa zvakanyanya nhasi 100.000 mayuniti akatengeswas pakati peEurope, United States neJapan.
Yakatanga kushambadzira kwayo muna2010 neshanduro inokwanisa kuita 145km maererano neNEDC kutenderera. Parizvino yaburitsa mamwe mazera maviri aine mana mativi (Visia, Visia +, Acenta uye Tekna).
Uine bhatiri masimba e24 kW uye 30 kW, unogona kuwana a kuzvitonga kwe250km, one 0-100 kumhanyisa ma11,5s uye rakanyanya simba re 109 CV.