Maseru emuviri wedu anofanira kupatsanurana achienderera kuburikidza neyakaitika chikamu chemasero chinozivikanwa se mitosis. Mukuita uku senge rechitanda rinopatsanuka kuti riunze maviri matsva emwanasikana. Aya maseru akagadzirwa akafanana nemajini kune mumwe nemumwe. Mitosis chikamu chemasero ekuparadzanisa masekondi uko iyo DNA iri muchikamu chesero inopatsanuka kuita maviri akaenzana seti echromosomes.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve mitosis uye kukosha kwayo.
Chii chinonzi mitosis
Mitosis ndiyo nzira yekuparadzanisa masero uko iyo DNA yenukosi yesero yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri kuitira kuti igadzire ma chromosomes. Mazhinji maseru akapatsanurwa anoitika mumuviri anosanganisira mitosis. Kupatsanurwa kwemasero kwakakosha kuti ugone kuramba uri mupenyu. Munguva yehurongwa hwekukudziridzwa kwesero, mitosis inozadza muviri wemuviri nemaseru ehupenyu hwehupenyu. Uye zvakare, zvinobatsira kutsiva maseru ekare uye akapedzwa nemamwe maseru. Nenzira iyi, imwechete-sero eukaryotic zvipenyu senge mbiriso, mitotic kupatsanurwa ingori imwe nzira yekubereka.
Chinangwa che mitosis ndechekuona kuti yega sero mwenje inokwanisa kuwana yakakwana seti yechromosome kuremara. A inofanirwa kutariswa kuti masero ane ma chromosomes akawandisa kana chromosomes isina kukwana haashande zvakanaka. Vamwe havakwanisi kurarama kana kukonzera gomarara. Iri ndiro dambudziko rine zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini. Kana masero achipinda mitosis havaparadzanise DNA yavo zvisina kurongeka asi vanoirasa mumirwi. Kupesana nezvinoitika neDNA, ivo vanogovera ma chromosomes akateedzana munhanho dzakanyanya.
Zvikamu zvemitosis
Ngatione kuti ndeapi matanho makuru emitosis uye kuti akakosha sei. Izvo zvikamu zviri zvina zvakakosha: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase uye Telophase. Mune mamwe mabhuku ungave wakatoona kuti kune chikamu chechishanu. Nekudaro, iwo mana anonzi ndiwo akakosha. Ese matanho aya ane zvakanyatsoteedzana kurongeka neodha. Inofanira kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti cytokinesis inoitikawo panguva yemasosis. Aya ndiwo maitiro ane basa rekuparadzanisa zvemukati izvo sero rinaro kuti vagadzire maviri maseru matsva. Iyi nzira ye cytokinesis inotanga pa anaphase kana telophase.
Pakutanga prophase
Pano mitotic chokurukisa anotanga kuumba. Iwo ma chromosomes anotanga kuumbika uye iyo nucleolus yesero inonyangarika. Muchikamu chino che mitosis, sero rakatanga kuputsa zvimwe zvimiro zve stem cell kuitira kuvaka zvimwe. Nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kugadzirira nhanho yakakodzera kuitira kuti ma chromosomes agovane. Sezvo ma chromosomes anoenderana, anogona kupatsanura nekuparadzanisa zviri nyore gare gare. Iyo mitotic spindle inotanga kuumbika. Icho hachisi chinhu chinopfuura chimiro chakagadzirwa nema microtubules. Idzi tambo dzakasimba idzo dzinova chikamu cheicho chinova marangwanda esero. Basa guru rematotic spindle kuronga ma chromosomes ese uye kuamisa iwo munzvimbo panguva yemitosis. Chokurukisa ichi chinokura pakati pezana remacrosomes sezvavanoparadzana.
Iyo nucleolus yesero ndiyo chikamu chenyukireyo umo ribosomes inogadzirwa. Iyi nharaunda yese inonyangarika panotanga mitosis. Icho chokwadi chekuti nucleolus inotanga kutsakatika ndicho chimwe chezviratidzo zvekuti nucleus iri kutanga kuora.
Kwapera nguva prophase
Pano panotsvakwa kuti hamvuropu yenucleus iore uye ma chromosomes anotanga kuverengera zvakakwana. Parizvino ma chromosomes akatonyanya kuumbika uye iyo envelope envelope inotanga kuputsa pasi kutungamira ma chromosomes. Iyo mitotic spindle inokura nekukurumidza uye nekukurumidza uye mamwe ma microtubules anotora chromosomes. Aya ma microtubules anogona kusungirirwa kuma chromosomes mu kinetochore. Iyo kinetochore chikamu chinoumbwa nemapuroteni ari pane iyo centromere yeese hanzvadzi chromatid.. Kune rimwe divi, ma microtubules anotadza kusunga mu kinetochore anonamira kune ma microtubules padanda rakatarisana kuitira kudzikamisa chokurukisa.
Metaphase
Iyo metaphase chikamu chemitosis uko ma chromosomes atove mutariri wekuzvimisikidza neumwe neumwe pane metaphase ndiro. Pano ivo vari pasi pekupokana kubva kune mitotic chokurukisa. Iwo maviri hanzvadzi chromatid echromosome yega yega anotorwa neaya ma microtubules kubva kumatanda akatarisana. Mune ichi metaphase, chokurukisa chine basa rekutora ese ma strand chromosomes.
Asati aenderera padanho rinotevera, masero anotarisa kuti ma chromosomes ese ari mundiro yemetaphase nemakinetochores avo anonamatira kuma microtubules. Apa ndipo panoitika ino yekutarisa inova nechokwadi chekuti zvese zviri kufamba nemazvo. Kana iyo chromosome isina kunyatsoenderana, sero rinomira kupatsanura kusvikira dambudziko iri ragadziriswa.
Mitosis chikamu: Anaphase
Muchikamu chino ma chromatidhi anopatsanuka kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye anodhonzwa akananga kumatanda akatarisana nesero. Ma microtubules ayo akatonamirwa kuma chromosomes anosundira matanda echipikiri munzira dzakatarisana. Kune rimwe divi, ma microtubules ari mu kinetochore anokwezva ma chromosomes akananga kumatanda. Nzira yekuchengeta ma chromatid pamwechete ndeyemhando yemapuroteni glue. Uyu mutemo unogadzirwa nemapuroteni uye panguva yeanaphase inozopedzisira yanyangarika kubvumira iwo ma chromatids kuti apatsanurane. Iye zvino yega yega chromosome yayo. Iwo ma chromosomes mune maviri maviri anokweverwa kune akatarisana mativi esero. Iwo ma microtubules asina kusunganidzwa kuma chromosomes akareba kuti akwanise kusundira nekuparadzanisa matanda, zvichiita kuti sero riwedzere.
Maitiro ese aya anotungamirwa nemota mapuroteni. Iwo mamorekuru michina iyo inogona kufamba ichitevedza microtubule maseketi.
Telophase
Ndicho chikamu chekupedzisira chemitosis uye pano chokurukisa chinonyangarika uye membrane yenyukireya inogona kuumbika yakatenderedza boka rega rega rekromosomes. Chromosomes ivo vanowanzo decondense uye ivo vaviri vevanasikana vanozoziva kare vakaumbwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo mitosis maitiro.