Kuona kwakanaka uye kukura kunzwa kunogadzira mhuka dzesango uve mhando yechisimba murwi, asi zvakanyanya kukosha, zvine hunyanzvi. Ikozvino pane angangoita makumi mana emarudzi ezvekusiyana, kumwe kunhu pakati pemhuka hombe nedzimwe mhuka dzinoonekwa kunge dzinofudzwa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvakatangira munguva yeOligocene, zvakashanduka kubva kumyacid mhuri yemhuka dzinoyamwisa munguva dzePaleocene neEocene, dzakavapo kwemakore angangoita emamirioni makumi matatu nemaviri. Idzi mhuka dzine hunhu hunonakidza kudzidza.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira chinyorwa ichi kukuudza iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvemhuka dzesango, hunhu uye mararamiro.
Mhando dzemhuka dzesango
Mazhinji feline specimens akatamira kuEurope neAsia. Pakupera kweMiocene kwaive kwatove nenhamba yakakura yezvipenga, kusanganisira izvo zvinonzi mazino esaber. Idiki diki raigona kutanga kutama nemuAfrica neAmerica.
Chinhu chakajairika chemhuka dzese dzinokambaira hunhu hwadzo. Zvinenge zvisingaite kuti mhuka dzesango dzikwezvwe kune mhuka dzakafa. Ivo vanofarira kudzingirira chikafu chavo kusvikira vakwanisa kubata mitsipa yavo nekuvauraya nemazvo.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzesadza dzakasiyana nezvipfuyo uye izvo zvinogara munzvimbo huru dzevhu, senge shumba uye ingwe. Ivo vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana uye vane hunhu hwavo. Ngatione kuti ndeapi makuru epakati mapoka emhuka dzesango:
- kufara: inosanganisira lynx, mhuka yemusango, katsi yekumba, nyama yemhuka, serval uye katsi yemusango zvakawandisa. Kukura kwayo kunogona kusiyana kubva padiki kusvika pakati.
- neofelis: Iye mutungamiri asina kupokana weboka iri ndiye akazara nemazino, anoenderana nekitsi, kunyange hazvo iri hombe.
- Acinoyx: Mhando dzese dzeengwe dzakarongedzwa mumutsara uyu.
- PantheraJaguar, shumba, ingwe nembada zvinowira muchikamu ichi.
- Cougar: Pumas chete neaya anonzi "makitsi matsvuku" anowira muchikamu ichi.
Nhengo dzerudzi rwe Panthera ndiyo katsi hombe pasi rose. Miviri yavo yakasimba, mazino akapinza, uye nzwara dzakasimba dzinovatendera kuti dzidye mhuka hombe dzakadai semhembwe, nguruve dzesango, uye kunyange makarwe. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekurwa kwake neiyo hombe nyati nyati munyika. Iyo ndiyo hono huru kwazvo pasirese, inorema kusvika ku 300 kg.
Dzinenge dzose katsi hombe dzinogara muAfrica neSouth Asia, vanogara musavana kana musango. Iyo yega yega ndeye jaguar. Kunze kwechando ingwe inogara kunzvimbo dziri kure dzemakomo eCentral Asia, mhuka dzese dzinozivikanwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neruvara rwayo rwakachena chena, runoitendera kuti uzvishongedze pachando.
Mhando huru
Musoro wemhuka dzesvosve dzakatenderedza uye yavo pfupi mhedziso inoguma nekasimba chirebvu. Ma incisors avo uye ma molars anowanzo kuve madiki nechikonzero: avo ane simba canines anoda nzvimbo nekuti ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa canines kupedzisa kubata kwavo. Feline anokwanisa kudzosa makumbo avo paanoda, izvo zvinovatadzisa kubva pakupera panguva yekufamba. Zvisinei, havasi vese vanogona kuzviita. Iyo chete mhuka hadzi isina hunhu iyi ingwe, iyo inoshandisa makumbo ayo kukwira miti nekuzorora.
Rudzi rwebvudzi runoenderana nerudzi uye nekugara kwaro. Kazhinji ingwe inogara munzvimbo dzakakura, dzakaoma, dzakawandisa, saka ruvara rwayo rweorenji rwunoita kuti zvive nyore kuvanda uye netsaona kubata mhuka dzisingafungire. Kune rimwe divi, majagu imbwa anovhima husiku nekuti iwo dema dema rinogona kushandiswa sekuhwanda.
Kurema uye kukura kwefimin kunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Dzimwe dzinogona kusvika kumamita matatu nehafu pakureba kana kurema kusvika kumakirogiramu mazana maviri nemakumi masere. Idiki idiki katsi dzekumba.
Nekuda kwekunzwisisa kwavo kukuru ivo vavhimi vakanaka kwazvo. Kwemakore, kukura kwavo kwekuona uye kwekunzwika kwakavagonesa kuona mhuka dzakaoma. Kumhanya kwako kwakakoshawo. Kutenda kwaari, Vanogona zvakare kubata chikafu nekukasira, pamwe neakajeka nzara uye yakasimba shaya. Chinhu chisingazivikanwe ndechekuti shumbakadzi chete dzinovhima mumapoka, nekuti ipapo vanogona kuvandira mhuka yavo kuti vaibate.
Kubereka nekugara kwemhuka dzesango
Vanhurume nevanhukadzi havagare pamwe chete kwenguva refu. Kusvirana kunokwana. Kufanana nedzimwe mhuka, katsi dzechirume dzakakura kudarika hadzi, uye mune ese maviri mamiriro vanosvika pakukura pabonde mukati memakore mashanu. Kunyanya, shumba dzinoshanda zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwepabonde, saka dzinosangana nevakadzi kakawanda pazuva pazuva iri.
Idzi mhuka dzakapararira pasirese, kunyangwe dzichiwanzo kuoneka munzvimbo dzine huswa hwakawanda uye nyore kuwana chikafu. Vanogona zvakare kugara zvakanaka musango. Idzo chete nzvimbo dzisina nzvimbo yechisikigo yekugara kune felines Madagascar, Australia uye Antarctica.
Idzi mhuka mhuka chaidzo mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nepo mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinoiswa munzvimbo inodzorwa inonzi inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Vatema vatema vanowanzo gara munzvimbo dzeCentral America, uku shumba dzichigara zvakanyanya muAfrica.
Idzo imhuka dzenharaunda, kunyangwe zvienzaniso zverudzi rumwe chete. Muchokwadi, ivo havawanzo kugara munzvimbo dzakaungana, kunze kweshumba, idzo vanosarudza kuungana nenhengo dzinosvika makumi matatu.
Idzi mhuka dzesango ndeimwe yemhuka dzinourawa zvakanyanya nevanhu mukuvhima. Izvi zvinorwisa munhu kwete kuti amutore semhuka, asi kuti vamusundire kure kubva panzvimbo yavo. Panther, lynxes uye jaguar izvozvi zviri munjodzi yekutsakatika nekuda kwekuvhima kukuru nevanhu.
Katsi dzekumba
Kune kamwe chete katsi yekumba, iyo inozivikanwa yekumba katsi (Felis silvestris catus), pamberi pemhando zhinji dzekati dzemusango dzinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Katsi dzekumba ndeimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzemhuka inochengetwa nevanhu munhoroondo yese, kungave kwekambani yavo, kana kune imwe mhando yekubatsira uye / kana kubatsirwa. Kana dziri katsi dzekumba, dzinoonekwa sedzemhuka dzinofambidzana, dzimwe nguva dzinoonekwa sevanhu vengano, uye vane mareferenzi akakosha mutsika dzakadai seAsia, Egypt neGrisi.
Ivo vanotevera chikafu chinodya, kunze kwekudya kweapo neapo omnivorous, ivo vavhimi vakura vezvipuka zvidiki, nekugwinya kukuru uye kugona kuona murima.