Rudzi rweganda nejasi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinosiyanisa marudzi akasiyana. Zvisinei, kune mimwe mienzaniso yemhuka dzine chimiro chisingaenderane neayo emarudzi adzo: ndizvo mhuka dzealbino. Pigment kurasikirwa chinhu chinokanganisa zvirimwa nemhuka dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira vanhu. Chii chiri kukonzera ichi chitarisiko chinoshamisa? Zvichakanganisa here hupenyu hweavo vane ganda rakajeka kudaro nemvere?
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva pamusoro pemhuka dzealbino, maitiro avo uye curiosities.
Mhando huru
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti albinism inoreva kuti munhu abatwa ane ganda rakachena uye bvudzi rakachena, uye unogona kunge wakaona mifananidzo yevanhu vakadai, kana kunyange kuziva vanhu. Zvisinei, Ichi chiitiko hachisi chevanhu chete, chinoitikawo mumhuka.
Kutaura nezve albinism mumhuka, chii uye nei ichiitika, zvakakosha kutaura kuti chirwere chekuzvarwa nhaka. Inosanganisira kushayikwa kwe melanin mujasi, ganda uye iris, asi chii chinonzi melanin? Melanin inoumbwa ne tyrosine, amino acid iyo melanocytes inoshandura kuita pigment inodiwa kupa mhuka ruvara rwadzo. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwe melanin kunodzivirira munhu kubva kune zvinokuvadza zvezuva.
Hypopigmentation kana albinism ndiko kutadza kwemuviri kugadzira melanin, uye nekudaro, vanhu vane dambudziko iri vane chitarisiko chakanyanya. Ualbinism inogarwa nhaka, asi inoramba ichiwedzera, saka vabereki vose vanofanira kutakura majini kuti mwana wavo ave nechirwere chacho.
Mhando dzemhuka dzealbino
Ualbinism inoitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mumhuka, zvichireva kuti havasi vanhu vese vanobatwa nechirwere ichi vanoonekwa vakacheneruka kana kuti vachena. Aya ndiwo marudzi ealbinism yemhuka:
- Eye albinism: Kushaikwa kwepigmentation kunoitika chete mumaziso.
- hualbinism yakakwana (Type 1 oculocutaneous): Inokanganisa ganda, makushe, uye maziso ane mwero wakasiyana-siyana wekucheneruka, sechena, grey, kana pink.
- Ocular albinism type 2: Munhu wacho ane pigmentation yakajairika mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri.
- Ocular albinism mhando 3 uye 4: Chiito che tyrosine hachina kugadzikana, saka mhuka dzine mamwe maitiro akajairika, kunze kwemavara machena kana nzvimbo dzisina melanin.
Muchidzidzo chemhuka dzealbino ichi, tanga tichidawo kutaura nezvekuti chirwere ichi chinobata vanhu sei. Kushaya pigmentation kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inotevera:
- Pink kana chiedza grey ganda, chigadzirwa cheropa chinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nedermis isina ruvara.
- Meso matsvuku kana epingi (albinism yakakwana) kana bhuruu, shava, kana girinhi (oculocutaneous albinism 2, 3, uye 4).
- Pale, goridhe, grey kana jena fur.
- Sensitivity uye kusashivirira kwekugara kwenguva refu kwezuva.
- Kuderera kwekuona.
- kuteerera matambudziko
Mibairo yemhuka dzealbino inodarika a kuderedzwa chitarisiko kana kumwe kunzwisiswa. Musango, mhuka dzealbino hadzina chifukidziro chinodiwa chekuvanda kubva kune zvikara, saka ruvara rwakareruka runoita kuti dziwedzere kuoneka uye dzive nyore. Nokudaro, kusununguka kwehupenyu hwemhuka dzealbino kunoderedzwa.
Chirwere ichi chinobata mhuka chero dzipi zvayo, kunyangwe hazvo hualbinism hwakazara hunowanikwa muzvipfuwo zvakaita sembeva, katsi, imbwa netsuro. Zvisinei, inogonawo kuonekwa mumhuka dzesango mumasikirwo akadai magorira, nyoka, kamba, mbizi, amphibians, twiza, makarwe uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Mhuka dzealbino dzinozivikanwa
Pakati pemhuka idzi dzealbino, tinotaurawo nezve yakakurumbira hypopigmented specimens. Vamwe vavo vakafa, asi vakawana mukurumbira wakawanda vachiri vapenyu. Idzi ndidzo dzimwe dzemhuka dzine mukurumbira dzealbino pasi rose:
- Snowdrop inonzi albino penguin yekuSouth Africa. Akafira muna 2004 kuBritish Zoo, kwaaive munhu akakurumbira.
- Snowflakes ndeimwe yemhuka dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzealbino. Iko hakuna mamwe marekodhi ealbino gorilla, uye uyu aigara muBarcelona Zoo kusvika 2003.
- Claude ialbino alligator inogara mumachakwi eCalifornia Academy of Sciences.
- Pearl imwe yehadzi yealbino garwe inowanikwa muAustralia.
- Ludwig ishumba yealbino inogara munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka muKiev, Ukraine.
- Onya inyaya isingawanzo yekoala albinism inogara muAustralia.
- Kubva 1991 kwave kuchionekwa Migaloo, albino humpback whale inogara kumahombekombe eAustralia.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemhuka dzealbino
Nhasi, mhuka dzakawanda dziri mungozi yokutsakatika. Izvi zvinobata zvimiro zvakajairika uye vanhu vane albinism. Hapana marekodhi emhuka dzealbino dziri mungozi yekutsakatika nekuti kuzvarwa kwadzo kunoda mamiriro chaiwo ekuti zvinonetsa kutaura kuti huwandu hwevanhu hunosanganisira vanhu vane hunhu uhu.
Zvisinei, mamwe marudzi, akadai se<em>albino kana kuti shumba chena, anowanzofarirwa nevavhimi nemhaka yokushaikwa kwawo. Zvisinei, hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti ine ngozi zvikuru kupfuura mamwe marudzi eshumba.
Matambudziko nembwa dzealbino
Kushaikwa kwepigmentation muimbwa dzealbino kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akasiyana anogona kukanganisa hutano hwavo nemafambiro. Isu tinoongorora zvakanyanya pazasi:
- Matambudziko eziso: Zvinetso zvemaziso mumbwa dzealbino zvinokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwemavara muiris, izvo zvinokonzera photophobia, kureva, kunzwa kune chiedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munzvimbo dzakajeka kwazvo, vanogona kunzwa kusagadzikana uye kutsvaga nzvimbo dzine rima. Kuvatsiva, panogona kunge paine strabismus kana nystagmus.
- Matambudziko eganda: Imbwa dzeAlbino dzinonzwa zvakanyanya nemhedzisiro yemwaranzi yezuva paganda radzo. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kupisa uye kunyange kuita kuti vawedzere kuve negomarara reganda senge melanoma kana dermatitis. Vanogonawo kusangana nekusawirirana kwakanyanya.
- Kunzwa matambudziko: Zvinoita sekunge pane hukama pakati pealbino nekusanzwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei imbwa dzealbino dzichigonawo kuva matsi, kana kuti pfungwa iyi yakakanganiswa, kunyange zvazvo iri risiri dambudziko nembwa dzose. Kana iwe usingazivi kana imbwa yako matsi, bvunza veterinarian yako.
- Matambudziko evanhu: Imbwa dzeAlbino dzinogona kuparadzaniswa nekuda kwekuona uye matambudziko ekunzwa, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zviome kwavari kushamwaridzana uye kushamwaridzana nevezera ravo. Ndosaka zvisingashamisi kuti imbwa idzi dzinotya, dzinotya kana kutya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vamwe vanhu vanogona kuita zvakanaka nokuti vanonzwa kutya.
Vanogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemhuka dzeAndean, maitiro adzo uye matambudziko anogona kuitika avanawo.