Kudzivirira kushandiswa kwemafuta anokonzera kuwedzera kwekudziya kwepasi nekuda kwe yegreenhouse gasi inoburitsa, zuva rega rega zvimwe zvinowongororwa uye mamwe marudzi esimba rekumisikidza anovandudzwa senge masimba anomutsidzirwa atinoziva.
Pakati pesimba rinowanikwazve pane mhando dzakawanda: zuva, mhepo, geothermal, hydraulic, biomass, nezvimwe. Biofuel simba Icho mhando yesimba rinowedzerwazve iro rinowanikwa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakasikwa uye izvo zvinogona kutsiva zvisaririra zvemafuta. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve biofuel simba?
Mhemberero uye nhoroondo yesimba re biofuel
ari biofuel Ivo havasi vatsva sekutenda kwavo, asi vakazvarwa zvakada kufanana ne zvisaririra uye injini dzemoto.
Makore anodarika zana apfuura, Rudolf Diesel akagadzira prototype yeinjini yaishandisa nzungu kana mafuta enzungu, ayo akazove mafuta edhiziri, asi sezvo oiri yaive nyore uye isingadhuri kuwana, mafuta aya akatanga kushandiswa.
Muna 1908 Henry Ford mune yake Model T akashandisa ethanol mumitemo yayo. Chimwe chirongwa chinonakidza chenguva yacho ndechekuti iyo Standard mafuta kambani munguva kubva 1920 kusvika 1924 yakatengesa peturu ne25% ye ethanol, asi mutengo wakakwira wechibage wakaita kuti chigadzirwa ichi chisakwanisika.
Muma30, Ford nevamwe vakaedza kumutsidzira kugadzira biofuel saka vakavaka chirimwa chebiofuel muKansas yaiburitsa kwakatenderedza 38.000 litita eethanol pazuva zvichibva pakushandiswa kwechibage sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa. Panguva ino, anopfuura 2000 maitirwo ebasa akatengesa chigadzirwa ichi.
Muma40, chirimwa ichi chaifanirwa kuvharwa sezvo chisingakwikwidze nemitengo ye petroleum.
Muma70 semhedzisiro yeiyo dambudziko remafuta IUS inotanga zvakare kusanganisa peturu uye ethanol, ichipa kuwedzera kwakakosha kune biofuels iyo isina kumira kukura kubva makore ano kusvika nhasi uno muEurope.
Kusvikira pakati pema80, vanhu vaishanda uye vachiedza neyekutanga neyechipiri chizvarwa biofuels zvichibva zvirimwa zvekudya, asi zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakabuda izvo zvakayambira nezve njodzi yekushandisa chikafu kugadzira mafuta.
Takatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kutsvaga kwakatanga kune dzimwe mbishi zvigadzirwa zvisingakanganise kuchengetedza chikafu senge algae uye mimwe miriwo isingadyiwi ichipa chechitatu chizvarwa biofuels.
Biofuels achave ari protagonists ezana ramakumi maviri nemasere nekuti ivo vanonyanya kugarisana kupfuura mafossil.
Biofuel sesimba rinowedzerwazve
Kubva kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri, vanhu vakatsigira nekusimudzira sainzi uye tekinoroji nesimba rinouya kubva kumafossil fuels. Izvi ndizvo mafuta, marasha uye gasi rechisikigo. Zvisinei nekushanda kwesimba iri nesimba razvo, aya mafuta ane muganho uye ari kupera nemhanyisa mhanyisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwemafuta aya kunogadzira gasi inokanganisa kupisa mumhepo inochengetedza kupisa kwakawanda mairi uye kunobatsira mukudziya kwepasi nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Nezvikonzero izvi, kuyedzwa kunoitwa kutsvaga dzimwe simba dzinobatsira kudzikamisa matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandiswa kwemafuta emafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, biofuels inoonekwa semhando yesimba rinowedzerwazve, sezvo ivo vachigadzirwa kubva kune biomass yemiti yezvinhu. Dyara biomass, kusiyana nemafuta, haitore mamirioni emakore kuburitsa, asi pane pachiyero chinotariswa nevanhu. Biofuels inowanzo gadzirwa kubva kuzvirimwa zvinogona kudzorerwa.
Pakati pebiofuels tinayo ethanol uye biodiesel.
Ethanol se biofuel
Ethanol ndiyo biofuel inozivikanwa kwazvo pasi rose. Inogadzirwa kubva muchibage. Ethanol inowanzo sanganiswa nepeturu kuitira kuti igadzire inoshanda uye yakachena mafuta ekushandisa mumotokari. Inenge hafu yemafuta ese muUnited States ndiE-10, musanganiswa we10 muzana ethanol uye 90 muzana peturu. E-85 ndeye 85 muzana ethanol uye 15 muzana peturu uye inoshandiswa kumisikidza mafura-mafuta emotokari.
Sezvo inogadzirwa kubva muchibage, tinogona kutaura kuti inowedzerwazve, sezvo minda yechibage iri kuvandudzwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti chive chisiri-chinodzora sosi semafuta kana marasha. Iyo zvakare ine mukana wekuti inobatsira mu greenhouse gasi inoburitsa, kubvira panguva yekugadzirwa kwechibage, photosynthesis inoitika uye inotora CO2 kubva mudenga.
Biodiesel
Biodiesel ndeimwe mhando yebhiofuel iyo inogadzirwa kubva kune ese matsva uye anoshandiswa mafuta emiriwo uye mamwe mafuta emhuka. Biodiesel anga aine mukurumbira uye apararira pasi rese nekuda kweizvozvo vanhu vazhinji vakatanga kugadzira mafuta avo pamba kunzvenga kushandisa zvakawandisa pakuwedzeredza mota dzako.
Biodiesel inogona kushandiswa mune dzakawanda dizeli-dzinofambiswa mota pasina yakawanda injini shanduko. Nekudaro, echinyakare enjini yedhiziri enjini ingangoda kumwe kugadziriswa vasati vagona kubata biodiesel. Mumakore achangopfuura indasitiri diki yebiodiesel yakakura mukati meUnited States uye biodiesel iri kutowanikwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushandira.
Zvakanakira kushandisa biofuel simba
Kune zvakawanda zvakanaka zvatinowana kubva pakushandisa biofuel simba. Pakati pezvakanaka zvatinazvo:
- Iyo mhando yesimba rinowedzerwazve uye inogadzirwa imomo. Izvi zvinobatsira nemari yekufambisa uye yekuchengetedza, pamusoro pekudzikisa kudzikisira gasi mumhepo.
- Zvinotibatsira kudzikisira kuvimba kwevanhu nemafuta kana imwe mhando yemafuta echisaririra.
- Kune nyika dzisingagadzi mafuta, kuvepo kweiyo biofuel kunobatsira hupfumi, nekuti munzvimbo dzakaita seiyi mitengo yemafuta inongoramba ichikwira.
- Ethanol, iri oxygenate mupeturu, inovandudza huwandu hwayo octane zvakanyanya, iyo inobatsira kushatisa maguta edu uye kudzikisa magreenhouse gasi.
- Ethanol ine octane chiyero che113 uye inotsva zvirinani pakudzvanya kwepamusoro pane peturu. Izvi zvinopa simba rakawanda kunjini.
- Ethanol inoshanda senge antifreeze muinjini, ichivandudza inotonhora injini kutanga uye kudzivirira kutonhora.
- Nekuuya kubva kunzvimbo dzekurima, kukosha kwezvigadzirwa kunowedzera, kuwedzera mari yevagari vekumaruwa.
Kukanganisa kwekushandisa biofuel simba
Kunyangwe iwo mabhenefiti ari pachena uye akanaka, kushandiswa kweiyo biofuel simba kunewo zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvakadai se:
- Ethanol inopisa 25% kusvika 30% nekukurumidza kupfuura peturu. Izvi zvinoita kuti uve nemutengo wakaderera.
- Munyika zhinji biofuel inogadzirwa kubva nzimbe. Kana zvigadzirwa zvaunganidzwa, tsvimbo dzekukohwa dzinopiswa. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuburitswa kwemethane uye nitrous oxide, iyo inowedzera kudziya kwepasirese, sezvo iwo ari maviri gasi yekupisa nekuda kwesimba ravo rekuchengetedza kupisa. Naizvozvo, izvo zvatino chengeta mukubvisa kune rumwe rutivi, isu tinoburitsa pane imwe.
- Kana ethanol inogadzirwa kubva muchibage, gasi rechisikigo kana marasha anoshandiswa kugadzira chiutsi panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo. Chii chimwe, Nitrogen fetiraiza nemishonga yesora inodururwa muchirongwa chekurima chibage icho chinosvibisa mvura nevhu. Izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nekushandisa organic kana zvirinani zvisikwa zvekurima zvekugadzira masisitimu. CO2 kubva kumafriilleries inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira algae (iyo zvakare inogona kushandiswa kugadzira biofuels). Uye zvakare, kana paine mapurazi padyo, iyo methane kubva mupfudze inogona kushandiswa kugadzira chiutsi (muchidimbu izvi zvakaenzana nekushandisa biogas kuburitsa biofuel).
Sezvauri kuona, iyo biofuel simba inofambira mberi munzira yayo seimwezve simba rinowedzerwazve. Nekudaro, kune zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa uye kusimudzira izvo zvinofanirwa kuve nyowani sosi yemagetsi emotokari kutenderera pasirese.