Kutemerwa masango mugumisiro wakananga wezviitwa zvevanhu iyo inoparadza masango nemasango ePasi nenzira hombe. Iko kukuvara uko kunogadzirwa kwakakura kwazvo zvese pane yemuno, yedunhu uye kunyangwe mupuraneti.
Nhasi, masango nemasango epasi, vachiri kufukidza makumi matatu kubva muzana yepasi rese, Nekudaro, pane mitsetse saizi yePanama iyo inorasikirwa nemamirioni ehekita gore rega. Ndezvipi zvikonzero uye mhedzisiro yekuparadzwa kwemasango uku?
Kutemwa kwemasango nemasango pasi rose
Munhu ari mumabasa avo ehupfumi, munzvimbo dzavanogara, mumaindasitiri uye zviitiko zvekurima, nezvimwe. Iwe unofanirwa kutora nzvimbo. Gore negore, Mamirioni emahekita akatemerwa pasi kushandura mashandisirwo epasi uye kutora huni dzekushandisa kwakawanda. Ndokusaka masango anogara achinaya uye masango anogara achinaya anogona kutsakatika zvachose mukati memakore zana kana mwero wazvino wekutemwa kwemasango ukaenderera.
Kunze kwekuwana bepa, zvikonzero zvekutema miti zvakawanda. Ichokwadi kuti zvizhinji zvezvikonzero izvi zvine chekuita nekuwana mari kana kuda kwevarimi kuti vakwanise kuriritira mhuri dzavo. Kutema masango kuita basa rekurima chinhu chakaitirwa munenge nhoroondo yese, kubvira pakarimwa nezvipfuyo.
Kune rimwe divi, kune kwekutengesa kutema mashandiro. Izvi zvinopa mapepa nehuni zvigadzirwa zvehupfu kumusika wepasi rose uye Inotarisira kutema masango asingaverengeke gore rega Kune izvi zvese zvinowedzerwa chiito chekunyepedzera chevazhinji vanotema miti vanogadzira migwagwa yekuwana masango ari kure ari kuwedzera. Izvi zviitiko zvine pesvedzero huru pane zvinomera nemhuka zvepasi rese.
Sevhisi dzinopihwa nemasango nemasango
Kutemwa kwemasango kunoitika nekuda kwekushandiswa kwehuni nenharaunda. Kana tikabvisa sango uye ivhu iro rinoshandiswa kuita kuguta kana kuita zvekurima, kugona kwepasi kukwanisa kudzora mamiriro ekunze uye makemikari ayo anoderera. Sezvatinoziva chaizvo, miti inogadzira okisijeni yatinofema uye ine basa rekutora iyo CO2 yatinoburitsa.
Nhasi uno vesaenzi vanonetsekana zvakanyanya nezvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze vari kuongorora mhando dzese dzenzira dzinogona kupinza CO2, apo iyo yakasarudzika uye inoshanda ndeiyi: sango hombe kana sango. Pamusoro peizvozvo isu taizobatsira kuchengetedza kweiyo zvipenyu zvakasiyana, nekuti zvisikwa zvinoda pekugara uko zvavanogona kukura nekugara zvakanaka. Kana tikatema masango isu tinokwanisa kutsemura nzvimbo dzawo nekutyora mwero wezvakatipoteredza.
Uye kune zvimwe: masango anoshanda mamwe mabasa akakosha. Ivo vanounganidza nekusefa mvura yedu nyowani, nokudaro vachichengetedza iyo yepasi rose hydrological kutenderera uye kuenzanisa mafashama kana kusanaya. Vanochengetedza hutano hwevhu nekuti vanotsigira ivhu rakaorera repamusoro, rakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri, munzvimbo. Isu tinofunga sei nezvekuparadza vasina kubatana vakadaro?
Hukama hwemasango uye maitiro ekunaya kwemvura
Rimwe remabasa akakosha emiti kugona kwavo kubuda nemvura zhinji kuburikidza nemashizha awo. Maitiro aya anotanga kana mvura, nekuda kwekupisa kwezuva, ichipwa (inoenda kubva pamvura kuenda kune gaseous nyika) uye inopinda mudenga semhute yemvura. Sezvo painokwira uye tembiricha painodzikira, mweya wemvura unogwamba (unoshanduka kuita tumadonhwe tudiki) uchiita makore. Mvura yakanyoroveswa mumakore pakupedzisira inodonha semvura pamakondinendi, nokudaro ichibvumira kukura kwemiti nemidzi yawo, pamwe neizvo zvezvimwe zvipenyu.
Kana mashizha emiti angodonha uye kuora pasi, anoshanda sezvinhu zvinovaka muviri kubhakitiriya riri muvhu, nokudaro achivhara kutenderera kwezvinhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sezvo miti ichibviswa mupasi, hutongi hwemvura inonaya huchadzikirawo sezvo hukama hwazvo hwakabatana zvakanyanya. Pasina mvura iyo ivhu ichatanga kufa, ichiburitsa kukura kwakasimba uye nzvimbo yesango inozopedzisira yaita renje, tisingataure vanhu uye kuvimba kwavo kukuru nemvura yekunwa yezvinhu zvese.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutemwa kwemasango
Takadoma zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutemwa kwemasango zvisati zvaitika, asi tichazonyatso tsanangura. Tinotanga nekushandurwa kwemashandisirwo eminda nemvura yezvekurima nezvipfuyo. Farmland inofarira kutengeserana uye inopa chikafu kumhuri uye, kazhinji, kune huwandu hwevanhu. Zvekurima nezvipfuyo ndiwo hwaro hwekugara uye nekubudirira kwenharaunda. Nekudaro, iyo ndima inoshandiswa pakurima inotsiva masango uye navo, ese marudzi emiti nemhuka zvinosanganiswa. Zvinoita sekunge tsunami kana dutu raparadza guta redu, isu taizoitei? Kune mhuka, zvirimwa, mabhakitiriya uye zvimwe zvipenyu muecosystem senge rainforest, kuzvicheka kusvika mukuparadzwa kune mhedzisiro yakafanana neiyo yedutu muguta.
Chimwe chikonzero chikuru chekutemwa kwemasango moto usingadzorwi. Dzakawanda dzemoto dzinoitika kutenderera pasirese dzakagadzirwa nevanhu nemaune. Zvichida nevanopisa moto kana nehupfumi hwenharaunda sekukwanisa kuvaka mataundi pane ivhu uye purofiti. Isu zvakare tine zvirwere zvemusango nezvipukanana zvinoparadza chikamu chikuru chemaruva nemhuka dzenzvimbo iyi, zvichikonzera hukama pakati pezvisikwa kuve hurombo uye zvichikonzera iyo ecosystem kufa.
Panguva ino, kutemwa kukuru kwemasango nemasango kunotyisidzira zvikuru. Kana isu tichiverenga tichiongorora huwandu hwekutemwa kwemasango munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakakosha (pakati padzo pane masango ane hunyoro, masango anopisa, masango, masango emakomo), zvinogona kugumiswa kuti, mumakore achangopfuura, maitiro aya akabudirira kwazvo. munzvimbo dzakaoma uye semi-yakaoma, kunyanya mumakomo. Gore rega rega tinorasikirwa nemahekita mamirioni gumi nematatu emasango epasirese, kunyanya masango anopisa muAsia, Africa neAmerica.
Kutemwa kwemasango kweAmazon
Sezvo isu tese tichiziva, iyo Amazon Rainforest ndiyo hombe pasi pano. Iyo inozivikanwa sepapu repasi redu uye inovhara zvakanyanya kana zvishoma 40% yenharaunda yese yeSouth America. Yeyese kabhoni kutenderera inoitika papasi redu uye yakakosha pakurarama kwehupenyu sekuziva kwedu, chikamu chakakura chinoitika muAmazon. Ndokusaka ichizivikanwa sepapu.
Isu tinowedzerawo kune zvirimo rwizi rwechipiri rurefu kwazvo pasi rose, rwizi rweAmazon, rune dzinenge 6.400 km. Mumubheseni waro wese vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu vanogara munyika dzakaita seBrazil, Bolivia, Peru kana Ecuador.
Dzinopisa uswa kutenderera pasirese dzinoteya anosvika mazana maviri emabhiriyoni matani ekabhoni pagore. Pakati pavo, Mamiriyoni makumi manomwe ezviuru anogadziriswa nemiti yeAmazon. Nekudaro, kutemwa kukuru kwemasango, huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni hunoshandurwa kuita kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, semhedzisiro, kushomeka kwekukwirwa nemiti, sezvo paine miti mishoma, uye nekudaro yakawanda carbon dioxide mumhepo.
Zvinokonzera kutemwa kwemiti muAmazon zvakafanana nezviri pasi rose. Kukura kwekuda kwenzvimbo yekudyara nekushandira zvekurima kugadzirwa nekudyisa kwemhuri. Nekutemwa kukuru kwemiti kuti uwane nzvimbo yekudyara, iyo yakazara CO2 yepasi inowedzera, sezvo pasina miti inoipinza kuburikidza nefotosinthesisi.
Kutemwa kwemasango kuSpain?
Pane chivimbo chakazara nezvekutemwa kwemasango kuSpain. Zvisinei, Spain yakasvibira ikozvino makore zana apfuura. Zvinoenderana nedatha rakaunganidzwa nemasayendisiti, iyo ivhu rakakumikidzwa kunzvimbo dzekugara kwevanhu nemumaguta richiri rakafanana neiya rekutanga kwezana ramakore, nekuti chimiro chakajairika ndecheyeyeyeyeyeenzanisirwa modhi. Zvakare ivhu rakakumikidzwa kurima rinoramba rakafanana kana rakafanana, zvisinei, iyo ivhu rakakumikidzwa kumasango rakawedzera. Asi kwete muSpain chete, asi muEurope yose.
Nyika yakadzorerwazve ne masango kuSpain akakura ne20% mumakore 110 apfuura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti Europe yakatanga kupinza chikamu chakakura chechikafu chayo, kuitira kuti kudyisa vanhu vayo kusazoisa kumanikidza pavhu rayo pachayo. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvirimwa zvaive zvisingachadiwi zvakave mafuro uye nemasango.
Kunyangwe chatinofanira kuchengeta mundangariro ndechekuti izvi hachizi pachacho chinhu chakanaka. Iko kungori shanduko yekungoshandiswa kwenyika. Izvi hazvireve chero chinhu nezve masango kana hutano hwemasango. Panogona kunge paine masango mahombe ane zvisikwa zvipenyu zvishoma kana mashoma mune zvekuvaraidza.
Migumisiro yekuparadzwa kwemasango
Mhedzisiro huru yekuparadzwa kwemasango yakanyatsojeka kutarisa zvese zvatakataura nezvazvo. Iyo inotibata zvakanyanya ndeyekuti inowedzera iyo greenhouse mhedzisiro, nekuti hakuna miti yakawanda kwazvo inogona kupinza CO2 yakaburitswa uye nekudaro ichideredza huwandu hwemweya mumhepo. Izvi zvinopa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu uye kusimba kwezviitiko zvekunyanyisa zvemamiriro ekunze.
Isu tinowanawo shanduko mukushandisa kwepasi. Biodiversity munzvimbo dzine masango makuru dzinokanganiswa nekuparadzaniswa kwezvisikwa zvavo nenzvimbo dzavanogara. Izvi zvinokonzera kuderera kwezvisikwa zvipenyu uye kupera kwemarudzi.
Sezvauri kuona, mhedzisiro yekuparadzwa kwemasango munyika inokanganisa uye zvakakosha kuti nyika ichengetedze masango edu.
Kusvirana nemboro
Nezve citation kunyoresa zvinangwa, nderipi chairo bhuku rekuburitsa rechinyorwa chino?