Isu tinoziva kuti machakwi eDoñana inzvimbo yakakosha yezvisikwa muSpain yese. Kusanaya kwemvura kuri kutambura neAndalusia kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Iyi mhando ye ecosystem inopona nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura uye kuunganidzwa kwemvura. Miti nemhuka zvinochinjirwa kune idzi nharaunda uye zvichiwedzera kushaya mvura muDoñana.
Muchikamu chino tichakupa matambudziko ekushayikwa kwemvura muDoñana uye ndeapi migumisiro yaro munguva pfupi, yepakati uye yakareba.
Kushaikwa kwemvura muDoñana
Zvipenyu zvemvura uye zvepasi zveDoñana National Park zvinopa mamiriro akakodzera ezvakasiyana zvipenyu munzvimbo ino yakachengetedzwa. Iri mune iyi paki yechisikigo inopfuura 50.000 mahekita akagoverwa pakati pematunhu eHuelva, Cádiz neSeville. uko mamwe emhando dzakanyanya kumiririra dzeSpanish geography anowanikwa, akadai seIberian lynx kana gondo reumambo, ese ari munjodzi yekutsakatika. Asi, pamusoro penzvimbo yayo yakasarudzika (pakati peAfrica neEurope, pakati peAtlantic Ocean neGungwa reMedithera), Doñana zvakare inzvimbo yakasarudzika muEurope, nzvimbo tsvene yezviuru zvemarudzi eshiri dzeAfrica neEurope.
Mvura ndiyo inoraramisa nzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka, asi yave kunetsana nevarimi venzvimbo iyi. Muchiitiko ichi, haisi mvura ine brackish yemvura yegungwa, asi mvura ine brackish yemvura yepasi pevhu iyo inodyisa upenyu munzvimbo huru yemvura muEurope uye inotarisana nekutyisidzira kukuru nhasi.
Ndiko kusanaya kwemvura kwaswedera, kupera kwemvura inoyerera uye kushivirira kwemapoka ezvakatipoteredza uye varimi vakawanda mudunhu iri vakaona kuti kuchera matsime zvisiri pamutemo kwapedza sei madhamu avanotsamira nawo kuti vararame.
Kushaikwa kwemvura muDoñana hakusi kutsva, asi kwakamukazve munguva pfupi yapfuura nekuda kwekaviri mamiriro ekunze uye dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza. Kune rumwe rutivi, kusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanyisa mukati megore nemvura shoma shoma, iyo ine simba rakananga pahutano hweaquifer, iyo ikozvino inofungidzirwa kuva pasi pe30% yehuwandu hwayo. Kune rumwe rutivi, bhiri rinokakavadzana rinogona kunyoresa kushandiswa kusina kukodzera kwezvirimwa zvakadiridzwa, kunyanya sitirobheri nemimwe michero mitsvuku, mune iyo inonzi "Doñana norte" muruwa rweHuelva.
Kutaura zvazviri, mitemo iri kugadziriswa pari zvino inogona kureva kuti mahekita anoda kusvika 2.000 XNUMX embesa dzinodiridzwa ari pasi pemvura inowanwa zvisiri pamutemo, zvichienderana nenhamba dzakapihwa neWWF, boka rakakurudzira kuumbwa kwemapaki emunyika uye rava kushoropodza kusadzivirirwa kwavo. .
bhiri idzva
Mutemo mutsva uyu wakamutsa kupesana kubva kumapoka ezvemhoteredzo, mapoka emasangano akazvimirira, vatengi, uye kunyange vamwe varimi pachavo: avo vanoteerera mutemo. Pamusoro peiyo Ministry of Ecological Transition, iyo nyowani yekudzora dhizaini yakashorwawo na European Commission, iyo yakayambira kuti ichatemera zvirango kuSpain kana ikaenderera mberi nechikumbiro ichi. Haisi iyo yega sangano reEuropean kutaura pamusoro pekushaikwa kwedziviriro uku: muna Chikumi apfuura, Dare reJustice reEuropean Union rakapa chisungo chinoshora kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa kunokonzerwa nekutorwa kwemvura yepasi. Misiyano ndeyokuti, munyaya iyi, mutongo unogona kutungamirira kune zvirango zvakakosha zvemari.
Strawberry Project uye kushomeka kwemvura muDoñana
Kunyanya, shanduko dzekutonga dzinosanganisira kudzokororwa kweChirongwa Chakakosha cheManejimendi eDoñana Sango Canopy, inozivikanwa seChirongwa Fresa, zvakabvumidzwa muna 2014 kubata nekudzvinyirirwa kweaquifers zvisiri pamutemo. Uyu murairo uchazadzisa Land Management Plan yeAndalusia (POTA), iyo inonyatso gadzirisa chikamu chekudiridza munharaunda yeDoñana.
Chirongwa cheStrawberry chinopatsanura ivhu zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwevhu (kudiridzirwa uye kunwa mvura), zvichibva pakurongwa kwayakaitwa makore gumi apfuura pakatenderwa chirongwa chekushandiswa kwevhu. Zvakadaro, harina kufunga nezvekupinzwa kwemimwe minda yekudiridza yakanga isina kunyoreswa muna 10, yakawanda yacho yaienderana nekushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo kwakasimwa gare gare. Iyo purojekiti nyowani yemutemo yakabvumidzwa neparamende yeAndalusian ichafungidzira kugamuchirwa 'de facto' yeminda yese yakadiridzwa yakanga isina kunyorwa kare.
Kufungidzira kwekutanga kunoratidza kuti nhamba inomiririra kuwedzera kwemahekita mazana masere, asi mushumo wenyanzvi wakatumwa ne WWF inofungidzira imwe nzvimbo inopfuura mahekita 1.903,7, ingangoita 140 muzana kupfuura nhamba yepamutemo.
Mvura shoma kune mamwe madiridziro
"Aquifer yakashandiswa zvakanyanya uye nzira chete yekudzoreredza iyi yakakosha mvura ndeyekudzikisa kudzvanywa kwayo," akadaro Carmona, achitsanangura kuti hapana mvura yakakwana kune wese. “Keke rakafanana, kana kuti rakapatsanurwa, kana kuti vanhu vabviswa paequation, hapana imwe formula. Mhedzisiro chete ndeyekuomesera aquifers uye kuita chirongwa chestrawberry, "akatsanangura nyanzvi, achiona kuti. mvura yemudenga haizokwanisi kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvemidziyo mitsva yekudiridzira iyi.
Nyanzvi munyaya dzezvekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda yakawedzera kuti pamusoro pekuomesera matoro ane mukurumbira, danho rakaturwa nekanzuru yedunhu rinosemesawo varimi, sezvo richiranga nekupa mibairo kune vanoremekedza mutemo. Mvura yakabiwa, chinangwa.
Imvura yakawanda sei yakacherwa pamwe chete zvisiri pamutemo? Mapoka ekuchengetedza anofungidzira izvozvo matsime ari kunze kwemutemo parizvino anogona kudiridza mahekita anodarika zviuru zvina nemazana manomwe, zvakaenzana neminda yenhabvu inodarika zviuru zvishanu nemazana manomwe.
"Zviremera zvinofanirwa kutarisa nezveramangwana reDoñana zvinoregeredza masangano epasi rose uye kubvumira kubiwa kwezviwanikwa izvo zvinoita kuti machakwi ari mupenyu," WWF inotsanangura mukutaura. Muchokwadi, iyo NGO yave ichishanda kwemakore muKushora kushayikwa kwekudzivirirwa kweaquifer, umo matsime anopfuura 1.000 uye mazana emahekita ekudiridza zvisiri pamutemo akachengetedzwa. Bato rake rekupedzisira nderekushora kuparara kweDoñana pamberi peUnesco neEuropean Commission, iyo yakabvumirana nevanoongorora ecologists. Zvisarudzo zvavo zveramangwana zvicharatidza ramangwana reichi chishamiso cheWorld Heritage Site.
Ndinotarisira kuti nemashoko aya unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekushayikwa kwemvura muDoñana nemigumisiro yayo.