Vanhu vari kuwedzera kushandisa zviwanikwa, izvo zvinoshandura shanduko yezvakatipoteredza paecosystem uye pasi rose. Kukuvadza kwatinoita pasi redu kunokwanisika, sezvo pari zvino 32.000 marudzi ari munjodzi, maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Kuti udzivise mamiriro ezvinhu aya, pfungwa ye rewilding kana kudzokorora.
Muchinyorwa chino tichatsanangura kuti kudzoreredza chii, kuti ndechei, ndezvipi zvinangwa zvazvinoteedza uye kuti zvinoitwa sei.
Chii chiri kudzorera
Rewilding inotsanangurwa sepfungwa yehukuru hwekuchengetedza iyo inovavarira kudzoreredza nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzechisikigo nekudzoreredza mhando dzakakosha nekusimudzira kubatana pakati penzvimbo dzakavhiringwa nemabasa evanhu.
Pakutanga, izwi rekuti rewilding raishandiswa kuita nzira dzakanangana nekudzoreredza mhando dzematombo makuru ezvikara zvepamusoro muzvisikwa zvichitsvaga kudzoreredza hutano hwavo. Mumwe muenzaniso imhumhi yeYellowstone, yakaburitswa mupaki muna 1926 mushure mekunge huwandu hweelk hwakonzera kuti mhuka iparare.
Chokwadi ndechekuti nhasi kudzoreredza kunosanganisira mamwe maitiro mazhinji. Haisi yekungounzazve mhuka, ndeye kudzoreredza kutendeseka kwezvakatipoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwevanhu pazviri. Chinangwa chakajeka uye chakapfupika: kudzoreredza ecology kunotsvakwa kusvika padanho rekuti ecosystems inogona kuzvidzora yega zvakare.
Mhando huru
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekugadzirisa zvakare kutangwazve kwemarudzi emhuka dzemo munzvimbo dzaakatsakatika. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzosa zvikara nemhuka dzaigara munzvimbo idzodzo, nokudaro zvichigadzira dandemutande rekudyidzana kwakaoma kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuita izvi, chiyero chechisikigo chinosimudzirwa uye zvipenyu zvakarasika zvinodzoreredzwa.
kudzokororwa inosimudzira kutevedzana kwemaitiro echisikigo uye ega ega pachinzvimbo chekutonga kwakasimba kwevanhu. Inotsvaga kubvumira ecosystems kuzvitonga uye kukura zvakazvimirira. Izvi zvinoreva kurega nzizi dzichitevera nzira yadzo yechisikigo, zvichibvumira kutevedzana kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuderedza kupindira kwevanhu mumasimba ezve ecosystem.
Inotarisawo pakusikwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa uye mikoto yemhuka dzesango kuti dzibvumire kufamba kwakasununguka kwezvipenyu uye kufambisa kutama uye kupararira. Idzi nzvimbo dzinopa nzvimbo yakachengeteka uye mikana yekuberekesa yezvipenyu zviri mungozi uye kubatsira kuchengetedza kubatana pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugara.
Pamusoro pekudzoreredza ecosystem, rewilding chinangwa chekusimudzira hukama hwepfungwa pakati pevanhu nemasikirwo. Inotsvakwa kuti vanhu vabatane zvakare nenzvimbo yavo yechisikigo, vanokoshesa kunaka kwayo uye vanzwisise kukosha kwekuchengetedza kwayo. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nedzidzo yezvakatipoteredza, ecotourism uye kutora chikamu kwenharaunda dzemunharaunda mukugadzirisa zvirongwa.
Mabhesi uye nzira yekudzokorodza
Kudzoreredza kunoenderana nekuongorora uye chiito pambiru nhatu dzakakosha dzeiyo ecosystem: trophic kuoma, kukanganiswa kwechisikigo uye kubatana. Pazasi, tinotsanangura chimwe nechimwe chezvigadziko izvi zvakadzama.
trophic yakaoma
Iyi ndiyo nzira yepedyo kune yekutanga pfungwa yekudzokorodza. Mhuka hombe dzine zvinokonzeresa zvakati wandei pazvipenyu zvadzinogara, sezvo dzichikanganisa mamwe mitero, seshiri diki, mhuka diki, tumbuyu, uye zvirimwa kuburikidza nekuita kwavo kuongorora uye kushandiswa kwemiriwo. Natural ecosystems vari muchiyero chakakwana nekuti ma super predators vanochengeta zvisikwa zvikuru izvi kunze kuitira kuti mabasa avo arege kubva muruoko, kunyanya chero nharaunda inova chinyoreso chakaoma.
Murume paanoisa ruoko rwake parusina, chiyero ichi chinogumbuka chose. Zvingave nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemhuka, kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekudyisa, kana kuvhima kwakananga, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvikara izvi uye mamwe marudzi ematombo makuru anoguma agadziridzwa. zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwavo hwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya kana kutsakatika zvachose.
Trophic reconstruction haingotarise kudzoreredzwa kwezvipenyu izvo zvaimbove mu ecosystem, asi yakakosha pakuchengetedza ecosystem, sezvo inogona zvakare kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekuita uye kudzivirira nzira. Kugarisana kwevanhu nemarudzi ecosystem, inozivikanwa sekuvaka patsva, inogona kukurudzirwa kana kuisirwa mutemo kudzikamisa kana kurambidza kuvhimwa kwemhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa.
Kana rudzi rwekufarira rwakanyangarika zvachose, kuunzazve kana kutsiviwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunogona kutariswa (kuchinja kubva kune imwe mhando kuenda kune imwe yakanyatsokodzera kune isina kuenzana ecosystem ine basa rimwechete), kunyangwe inogona kuva nengozi zvakanyanya mukufamba kwenguva. Zvechokwadi, kungwarira kunofanira kushandiswa pakuchinja zvisikwa, sezvo migumisiro yacho inogona kusagadziriswa.
kukanganisa kwepanyama
Kunyangwe zvingasaita senge pakuona kwekutanga, hadzisi dzese njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzisina kunaka padanho reecosystem. Semuenzaniso, kuvapo kwezvipembenene zvipenyu, moto mudiki, kana mafashama pasi pemamiriro ekunze akajairika anokurudzira kugadziridzwazve kwezvipenyu nemhando dzazvo, izvo zvinoshandura muhukuru hwebhayoloji heterogeneity.
Muzvigadziro zveanthropogenic, kuvhiringidzika kwechisikigo kunowanzo kudzvinyirirwa kana kudzorwa nenzira yakatemwa, chokwadi chinogona kutungamirira kunjodzi huru (somuenzaniso, moto mishomanana inogona kudzivirira moto mukuru mune ramangwana). Iyi mbiru yekuvakazve ine chinangwa chekudzoreredza kusarongeka kwezviitiko zvechisikigo: hazvisi zvezvinhu zvese zviri kudzorwa nevanhu, asi nezve ecosystems inozvitonga yega nenzira inonzwisisika inogoneka.
rewilding connectivity
Kubatana pakati pehuwandu hwehupenyu hwakakosha nekuti kuyerera kwemajini kunodzivirira mhedzisiro yekudonha kwemajini kubva pakuzokanganisa kumarudzi mune zvakasikwa. Pasina kuronga kupinda mumashoko emajini anopukunyuka mukana uyu, tinogona kupfupisa chiitiko ichi nechirevo chinotevera: Munhu mutsva anoshanya muhuwandu mweya wemweya mutsva nekuti anogona kuunza misiyano mitsva yemajini ayo, ayo achapararira kuburikidza. kubereka uye kunopfuudzwa kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Zvinosuruvarisa maumbirwo emavambo evanhu akawanda akaganhurirwa kana kuti akagura zvakananga batano pakati pavanhu. Idi rokuti chimwe chinhu chakapfava semugwagwa chinogona kuva chipingamupinyi chisingakundiki kune zvipenyu zvakawanda chinoita kuti kudyidzana pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarudzi mamwe chete kuve kwakaoma.
Iri bazi re rewilding rinogadzirisa dambudziko iri kugadzira ecological corridors (zvimiro zvinobvumira mhuka kufamba-famba apo vanhu vachizvivaka) kana kungodzivisa kuvaka zvivakwa izvi pakutanga. Matanho ekubatana kwehuwandu akasiyana, asi chinangwa chese ndechekuedza kudzoreredza zvinongoitika gene kuyerera mune ecosystem.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve rewilding uye maitiro ayo.