Kukura kwekushandisa kwesimba kwave kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pemakore sezvo shanduko yesimba yakaitika. Uku kukura kwesimba rekushandisa pasirese kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kutsvaga dzimwe sarudzo dzemagetsi dzinobatsira kupa zvese zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinozodiwa. Sezvo fukireya yenyukireya isati yavepo padanho reindasitiri, nhevedzano yekutsvaga munzvimbo dzakawanda kwemakore. Iko kushandiswa kwezvakataurwa zvinogadzirwa nenyukireya fusion ndechimwe chezvinangwa nekuedza kuri kuitwa nevatsvagiri vese mukuvandudza simba rakakura. Kune izvi, kune chirongwa chinozivikanwa se ITER (International Thermonuclear Ongororo Reactor).
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza kuti chirongwa cheITER chine chii uye chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechei.
Chii chinonzi ITER
Simba iro rinogadzirwa kuburikidza nenyukireya maitiro anozivikanwa seyukireni fusion anogona kunge akakura. Apo simba rinogadzirwa mukubatanidzwa kwenyukireya kwemaatomu akajeka mune anorema akashandiswa, huwandu hwakawanda hwesimba rinoshanda hunogona kuwanikwa. Nekudaro, icho chinhu chisati chagadziriswa padanho reindasitiri.
Kubva ma50s pakave nekuedza kwakakosha mukutsvaga uye kusimudzira nyukireya fusion nekuti ine mukana wakakura. Uye ndeyekuti panguva yekubatanidzwa kwenyukireya huwandu hwesimba hunogadzirwa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinodiwa kuti iyi fusion iitwe deuterium. Deuterium ine yakawandisa yakawanda yehydrogen isotope. Neichi chikonzero, fusion yenyukireya ndiyo imwe yeanonyanya kutsvakwa mushure mekuita mumunda wesimba.
ITER iri pakati pezvirongwa zvepasirese zvakaratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza maitiro ekusanganiswa kwenyukireya muplasma asi izvo zvinoda simba rakawanda. Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi ndechekuona kugona kwehunyanzvi uye hupfumi hwekumanikidza kwenyukireya. Maitiro ekuti kuita uku kuitwe kuri kuburikidza nekuvharirwa kwemagineti kwechizvarwa chemagetsi. Izvi zvinoshanda sechikamu chekutanga pakuvaka kwenzvimbo iyo inogona kushandiswa kugadzira simba kuburikidza nemaitiro aya.
Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu, Europe yanga iri mutungamiri mukutsvaga kwenyukireya fusion. Zvese zvinhu zvine chekuita nekukanganiswa kwakabatana fizikisi uye chemistry tsvagiridzo inoenderana kuburikidza neEuropean Commission. Iyo ITER chirongwa chinobhadharwa kuburikidza neiyo EURATOM Yekutsvakisisa Sisitimu Chirongwa uye mari yenyika kubva kuNhengo dzeMatunhu neSwitzerland. Imwe yemabhenefiti ekusanganiswa kwe nyukireya isimba rayo rakakura. Uye ndeyekuti ine hukuru hukuru hwekugona kugadzira simba. Dambudziko nderekuti kuti iyi nyukireya fusion reaction inyatso shanda, tembiricha iri pakati pe100 ne200 miriyoni degrees Celsius inodiwa. Ichi chinhu icho, nhasi, chinenge chisingaite kuzadzikisa.
ITER, Cadarache neSpain
Yakanga iri purojekiti yaive nebhajeti yekutanga yemamirioni zviuru zvishanu euros inogona kupetwa katatu kana mhedzisiro ikatanga kuratidza nekukurumidza. Nguva inofungidzirwa yekuvakwa kwechirongwa ichi inenge angangoita makore gumi uye zvinotarisirwa kuti zvichengetedze kushanda uku kwemamwe makore makumi maviri.
ITER inoonekwa seyakakura yesainzi yesimba rekutsvagisa chirongwa munyika. Chinangwa chayo chikuru kuratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kushandisa nyukireya fusion sosi yesimba. Tinofanira kurangarira kuti fusion yenyukireya inoitika mukati mezuva uye nenyeredzi. Munzvimbo idzi tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya pamwe nekumanikidza. Iko kumanikidza nekuda kwesimba guru regiravhiti riripo muzuva kunokonzera kuti tembiricha ive yakanyanya uye iyo nyukireya fusion reaction inogona kuitika.
Kusvika nanhasi ichiri muchina wekutsvagisa, uchinyanya kutariswa semuchina wekuyedza. Dzimbahwe reEuropean Fusion Agency rakagara muBarcelona kubvira 2007, uko kuyedza kwese kunodiwa kuita nyukireya fusion zvakarongeka kuITER. Iko kune kuzere kwe vanopfuura zana nemakumi masere vanhu vanoshanda vakakamurwa pakati peinjiniya, vesaenzi uye manejimendi. Spain inotora chikamu muchirongwa ichi kuburikidza neEuropean Union uye mipiro yayo yekutanga uye mikuru iri muminda yemagineti yekuvharirwa kwefizikisi.
Kuedza kunoitwa kugadzirisa tritium chizvarwa uye simba jekiseni kudzora, kuongororwa uye kutonga masystem, tritium imwe isotope yehydrogen. Spain inoita nhamburiko huru kuitira kuti kugadziridzwa kwetekinoroji kukanganise kuvandudza kweiyo reactor. Rubatsiro nehunyanzvi zvigadzirwa, kure kure kubata masisitimu, uye emvura simbi masisitimu.
Latest nhau
Nhau dzichangoburwa nezve ITER chirongwa ndechekuti yakapihwa marezinesi mu2012 nevakuru veFrance. Kuvaka kwakatanga mu2014 uye zvekushandisa zvakagoverwa pakati penyika dzinotora chikamu muchirongwa.
Haasi munhu wese anotenderana nemari hombe yekudyara iyo inoda kusunganidzwa kwenyukireya. Chii chimwe, Kune mamwe matambudziko anofanirwa kugadziriswa, senge kuburitswa kwe radioactive tritium gasi.. Kune mamwe mapoka anotsanangura kuti zvinangwa zvemagetsi zvatakaona zvaigona kuzadzikiswa dai mari yese iyoyo yakaitwa mune yakachena uye yakachipa simba senge musanganiswa wesimba rinowanikwazve
Izvo zvakare zvinofungidzirwa kuti kusanganiswa kwesimba rinowedzerwazve kunogona kuitwa munguva ipfupi uye nemutengo wakaderera. Ivo vanofunga kuti kuburitsa simba nechero nzira kunoda mari uye kunokonzeresa kumwe kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kune imwe nhanho. Nekudaro, simba rinowedzerwazve rakaratidzirwa kuve riine kushomeka kwemamiriro ekunze sezvo richishandisa simba kubva kune zvakasikwa. Iyo haina kusvibisa panguva yekushandisa kwayo uye inogona kukwidziridzwa nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza.
Zvichienderana nemafambiro anoita ITER kuferefeta, Izvo hazvigoneke kugadzira simba padanho rezvokutengeserana kusvika gore ra2035 pakutanga.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve ITER chirongwa.