Green hydrogen yave imwe yeiyi mbiru dzeEU Recovery Fund. Imwe mari ichave iri huru yekukurudzira pasuru yakambotsigirwa kuburikidza nebhajeti reEU, iine jekiseni rezvehupfumi rehupfumi hwe1.8 trillion euros yakashandiswa kuvaka zvakare Europe mushure me COVID-19. Shanduko yesimba ndeimwe yematemo ekudzoka uku, ayo makumi matatu muzana ebhajeti akagoverwa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Apa ndipo pane iyo hydrogen green inotanga kuwana chinzvimbo, kukwezva kwakawanda uye kuwedzera kufarira uye kuchiisa mukukakavadzana kwevoruzhinji seimwe yezvakakosha mbiru dzezvehupfumi decarbonization. Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi green hydrogen?
Munyaya ino isu tichaenda kukuudza kuti girini hydrogen chii, ndeapi maitiro ayo uye kukosha.
Chii chinonzi green hydrogen
Hydrogen ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda chemakemikari pasi pano, asi ine dambudziko: haina kuwanikwa murunyararo munharaunda (semuenzaniso, mumadziva), asi inogara ichibatana nezvimwe zvinhu (semuenzaniso, mumvura, H2O kana methane, CH4). NaizvozvoKuti ishandiswe mukushandisa kwesimba, inofanira kutanga yaburitswa, ndiko kuti, yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu.
Kuita kupatsanurwa uku uye kuwana mahara hydrogen, zvinodikanwa kuti uite mamwe maitiro uye simba rinoshandiswa pavari. Izvi zvinotsanangura hydrogen semutakuri wesimba, pane simba rekutanga kana peturu inofungidzirwa nevanhu vazhinji. Green hydrogen ndiyo inotakura simba, kwete sosi huru yesimba. Mune mamwe mazwi, hydrogen chinhu chinogona kuchengeta simba, icho chinogona kuzoburitswa nenzira inodzorwa kumwe kunhu. Saka, inogona kufananidzwa ne lithiamu mabhatiri ayo anochengeta magetsi, panzvimbo pemafuta echinyakare akafanana negasi rechisikigo.
Iko kugona kweHydrogen kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kutsiva zvisaririra zvemafuta mukushandisa uko decarbonization yakanyanya kuomarara, senge maritime uye kutakura nendege kana mamwe maitiro emaindasitiri. Chii chimwe, ine kugona kukuru senge mwaka yekuchengetedza magetsi system (-refu-refu), iyo inogona kuunganidza simba kwenguva yakareba, uye wozoishandisa pane inoda.
Kwakatangira uye mhando dzehydrogen
Se gasi risina ruvara, chokwadi ndechekuti patinotaura nezve hydrogen, tinowanzo shandisa mazwi ane mavara kuiburitsa. Vazhinji venyu muchave makanzwa nezvehydrogen green, grey, bhuruu, nezvimwe. Ruvara rwakapihwa hydrogen hapana chimwe kunze kwechiratidzo icho chinoshandiswa kuchipatsanura zvinoenderana nekwakatangira uye huwandu hwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi yakaburitswa panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo. Mune mamwe mazwi, nzira iri nyore yekunzwisisa kuti "yakachena" sei:
- Brown hydrogen: Inowanikwa kuburikidza nekupiswa kwemarasha, uye panguva yekugadzira kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inosunungurwa. Iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi nhema hydrogen.
- Grey hydrogen: yakawanikwa kubva mukugadzirisa gasi chaiyo. Parizvino ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo uye inodhura kugadzirwa, kunyange hazvo mutengo uchitarisirwa kuwedzera nekuda kwemutengo wekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kuburitsa kodzero. Kugadzirwa kwetoni imwe yeH1 ash kuchaburitsa matani gumi nemana kusvika gumi nemaviri eEC2.
- Blue hydrogen: Iyo zvakare inogadzirwa nekugadzirisa gasi rechisikigo, mutsauko ndewekuti chikamu kana ese CO2 emissions anodzivirirwa kuburikidza nekabhoni yekubata system. Gare gare, iyi carbon dioxide inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mafuta ekugadzira, semuenzaniso.
- Green hydrogen: Inowanikwa nemagetsi emagetsi achishandisa magetsi kubva kunowanikwa magetsi. Iyo ndiyo inodhura kwazvo, asi sezvo mutengo wesimba rinowedzerwazve uye ma electrolyzers uchiderera, mutengo waro unotarisirwa kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma. Imwe mhando yegreen hydrogen inogadzirwa kubva kune biogas vachishandisa zvipfuyo, zvekurima uye / kana marara emunharaunda.
Muchokwadi, iyo green hydrogen yekugadzira maitiro haina kuomesa zvachose: electrolysis inongoshandisa magetsi azvino kupaza mvura (H2O) muoksijeni (O2) uye hydrogen (H2). Dambudziko chairo ndere kukwikwidza, izvo zvinoda yakawanda isingadhuri magetsi anovandudzwa (ayo akawedzera kana mashoma kugadziriswa), uye anoshanda uye anopisa electrolysis cell technology.
Zvishandiso zvegreen hydrogen
Mune dzidziso, imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekugadzirisa hupfumi kuedza kuyedza magetsi ese magetsi system. Nekudaro, parizvino, bhatiri uye magetsi matekinoroji haakwanisike, zvinoenderana nechishandiso. Mune mazhinji acho, green hydrogen inogona kutsiva mafuta, asi hazvo vasiri vese vakura zvakanyanya kana zvakapusa.
Pane kudaro, shandisa brown uye grey hydrogen. Nhanho yekutanga inofanirwa kuve yekutsiva ese fossil hydrogen parizvino inoshandiswa muindasitiri, shandisa zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa uye kudzikisa mutengo. Dambudziko harisi diki: kudiwa kwepasirese kwehydrogen kubva mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi kuchadya 3.600 TWh, inopfuura chizere chegore rekugadzira magetsi eEU. Uku ndiko kushandiswa kukuru kwegreen hydrogen:
- Heavy indasitiri. Vatengi vakakura vesimbi, samende, makambani emakemikari uye mamwe mafuta epasi haasvike nyore kana nyore kuita.
- Chitoro chemagetsi. Iyi pasina mubvunzo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuvimbisa maficha ehydrogen: senge mwaka yekuchengetedza magetsi system. Nekukura kuri kuwedzera kwesimba rinowedzerwazve, tichaona kuti mutengo wemagetsi wakachipa chaizvo, uye pachatove neyakawandisa nekuti hapana nzvimbo yekuishandisa. Apa ndipo panozouya hydrogen, iyo inogona kugadzirwa zvakachipa yozoshandiswa pakutsvaga chero chishandiso, kungave kugadzirwa kwesimba kana chero kumwe kunyorera.
- Kutakura. Kufambisa hapana mubvunzo kuti kumwe kwekushandisa kunovimbisa kwehydrogen. Mukufambisa kwemazuva ano, mabhatiri ari kuhwina mumakwikwi, asi vamwe vagadziri (kunyanya Japan) vanoramba vachigadzira mhando dzemafuta uye mhedzisiro yacho iri kuwedzera kuvimbisa.
- Kuchenesa. Kupisa kwemudzimba uye kwemaindasitiri idanho risingagone kuiswa magetsi nguva dzose (mapombi ekupisa haasi esarudzo nguva dzose), uye hydrogen inogona kunge iri mhinduro shoma. Pamusoro pezvo, zvivakwa zviripo (senge gasi netiweki) zvinogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kudiwa. Muchokwadi, kusanganisa kusvika makumi maviri muzana nevhoriyamu rehydrogen mune iripo gasi samambure network inoda kushomeka kugadziridzwa kune yekupedzisira mushandisi network kana zvishandiso.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve green green hydrogen nekushandisa kwayo.