Mvura chinhu chakakosha pakuumbwa kwehupenyu. Iyo inopa kusimuka kwenzvimbo dzakawanda uko kusangana kwakasiyana kunogona kugadzirwa. Iyo freshwater ecosystems ndevaya vane nharaunda mvura yemvura, yakaderera kwazvo zvemukati mune munyu. Munzvimbo idzi tinowana nzvimbo dzakaita senzizi, nyanza, materu, madondo, masango nenzvimbo dzemafashama. Ivo vakapfuma kwazvo mukusiyana-siyana uye vakakosha kune mamiriro ekunze epasi.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu, zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye kukosha kwemvura yakachena ecosystem.
Mhando huru
Mvura ndechimwe cheakakosha maitiro aripo mumhando iyi yeecosystem. Ivo vane zvemunyu zvemukati pasi pe0.05% ine organic acids uye zvakasiyana sediment. Mvura yakachena ecosystems inorondedzerwa seyapamusoro uye yepasi pevhu. Zvinoenderana nehutongi hwazvino, ivo vakapatsanurwa kuita lotiki uye lentic.
Lotus emvura yakachena ecosystems inzizi, nekuti dzinozivikanwa nekugara iine mvura yazvino uye yakatsanangurwa nzira. Kune rimwe divi, iyo lentic madhamu, madziva, madziva nemachakwi uko mvura inenge yakavharirwa munzvimbo yakatarwa uye ine ruzha rudiki kana rwushoma. Mune izvi zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa zvemumvura, zvese zviri kuyangarara uye zvinobuda nekunyudzwa, zvakawandisa. Uye zvakare, kune huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando dzemhuka uko hove, zvinokambaira uye dzimwe mhuka dzesingaiti. Zvakare dzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzinogara mumvura dzakadai semaholphin, otters uye manatee dzinogona kugara.
Dambudziko rinobva kumunhu. Nekuda kwemabasa ezvehupfumi, ecosystems emvura yakachena akakanganiswa uye akashatiswa.
Zvinhu zvemvura yakachena ecosystems
Ngatione kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoumba izvi zvisikwa. Ivo vane biotic zvinhu zvinoumbwa nehupenyu zvipenyu uye abiotic zvinhu zvinoumbwa nezvisiri-zvipenyu zvinhu zvakare zvinofambidzana neese ari matsva mvura uye nharaunda. Mvura nyowani ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza masisitimu aya uye ndizvo zvinoatsanangura. Ndiyo nharaunda iyo kusangana pakati pevapenyu nevasina kurarama kunoitika. Vanhu vazhinji havana chokwadi nezvekuti mvura inoonekwa seyakachena riini. Mvura yemunyu inofungidzirwa kana iine inopfuura 3% mumunyu, apo mvura nyowani inotsanangurwa kana iine isingasviki 0.05%. Mvura pakati pezvikamu izvi inoonekwa seyakatapira.
Aya ecosystems anomira pakuve neakaderera mafunguru emunyu. Izvo zvinongowedzera chete kuisa mukati megungwa kana mumakungwa makuru kwazvo seGungwa Rakafa. Mvura dzenzizi nemadhamu dzinowanzo takura zvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvisaririra zvakasiyana mukumiswa nekunyungudika.
Kugadziriswa kwemvura yakachena ecosystems
Aya ecosystems anosarudzika zvichienderana nekutungamira uye ikozvino kwemvura. Kana iyo mvura kusvikira yamira kana iine hukuru hwekutungamira. Zvakare Iwo anosarudzwa zvichienderana nekuti iri pamusoro kana pemvura yepasi. Dzimwe nzizi nemadhamu zvinoyerera nemumapako ane calcareous munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi uye dzinoonekwa senzvimbo dziri pasi pevhu dzemvura yakachena. Iyo yazvino hutongi hwemvura yakachena ecosystems inoiswa muzvidimbu zvakafanana. Iyo yekutanga inzizi uye yekupedzisira madziva kuwedzera kune mamwe marudzi emvura.
Lotic ecosystems
Idzo ndidzo mhando dzakasanganisirwa nzizi, hova nehova. Ivo vanozivikanwa nenyaya yekuti mvura inofamba mune yazvino neimwe nzira. Uku kufamba uye kusimuka kwemvura kunoonekwa nekusakwana kwenyika. Sezvo paine mutserendende, lKuita kwegiravhiti kunoita kuti mvura iyerere pane imwe nhanho. Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza emvura, sinou kana chando chinonyunguduka zvinotakura zvidimbu kwete zvemvura chete asiwo zvemadhaka. Kana kupihwa kwemvura kwakakura zvakakwana, runoff inogadzirwa neinogara iripo.
Rwizi rwemvura rwizi runotevera nzira yekudzikisa maitiro. Kazhinji idzi nzvimbo dzinowanzo kuve dzekumanikidza kwepasi kana gungwa. Pakutanga nzvimbo yakatetepa yakakura uye kumhanya kwemvura zvakare. Muchikamu chezasi cherwizi kumhanya kwemvura kunononoka. Nzira yese, inoyerera mvura idiki pakutanga uye inobatana kuita nzizi hombe.
Lentic ecosystems
Idzo ndidzo dzinosanganisirwa madziva, madziva, madziva, madutu. Kunyangwe paine kufamba kushoma kwemvura, haina hutungamiriri hukuru. Iwo haawanzo kuita ecosystems ane mvura yakamira sezvo izvi zvinounza dambudziko kune iripo zvipenyu. Inotaridzika seyakavharwa matsva masystem ayo magumo ndeyekuzadza madutu uye nekunyangarika.
Biodiversity yemvura yakachena ecosystems
fauna of
Mhuka dzemvura dzemumvura dzakasiyana zvakasiyana. Mhuka dzakakurumbira mune idzi nharaunda hove. Zvisinei, kunewo nhamba huru yezvipembenene zvakadai semamollusks uye zvipembenene. Dzimwe mhuka dzinove dzakashanduka kubva kumadzitateguru epasi kuti dzienderane nehupenyu hwemumvura. Izvi zvinoitikawo nezvinokambaira. Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwengwena, makarwe, nyoka nehukutu zvakanyatsoenderana nehupenyu hwemumvura.
Kune marudzi anodarika zviuru zvisere ehove dzemvura yakachena uye nedzimwe dzinokwanisa kushandisa chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwavo mugungwa uye mumitumbi yemvura yakachena. Pakati pezvipuka zvemumvura tinowana manatee nemamwe marudzi erwizi ema dolphin. Mumunda wezvinokambaira, tinowana mazhinji acho munzvimbo dzinopisa. Tine zvikara zvikuru zvakadai seOrinoco alligator, garwe reNile, uye anaconda yegirini. Kune mamwezve matsimba emvura yakachena seye red-eared turtle uye arrau kamba.
Chekupedzisira, pane chikamu chemhuka pane huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hwakadai sema crustaceans uye zvipembenene. Pakati pemakristacea isu tine shrimp uye prawns uye mamwe macroscope crustaceans ari chikamu cheplankton.
Flora
Maruva anoenderana nekugara munzvimbo idzi zviri zviviri mu chikamu chakabuda chakanyudzwa. Nekudaro, isu tinowana inoyangarara uye iri kubuda zvirimwa. Izvi zvinomera zvinoyangarara zvinosundirwa nerukova apo izvo zvinobuda zvinodzika midzi nemidzi yakasungirirwa kuzasi kwenzizi. Ivo vanowanzo kutambanudza madzinde avo uye mashizha kumusoro kuti vaite photosynthesis pamwe nekugona kukuru.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemvura yakachena ecosystem.